Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In essence, those who live with integrity and uphold moral conduct do so because they hold a deep reverence for God, guiding their actions and decisions. This reverence helps them steer clear of wrongdoing, distinguishing their behavior from those who may not share the same beliefs. On the flip side, individuals who engage in dishonest or immoral behavior show a lack of respect not only for God's teachings but also for those who strive to live righteously. These individuals, by their choices, exhibit contempt for both the divine and the devout.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In the realm of the foolish, pride becomes their weapon of choice. They wield their arrogant words like a rod, striking at others and damaging reputations. Ironically, this behavior often backfires, causing harm to themselves as well. Think of Pharaoh, or the braggarts the Psalms warn us about, or even the blasphemous rhetoric of figures in Revelations.

On the flip side, the wise use their words to protect themselves. Their speech isn't filled with vanity; instead, it shields them from the harm reckless talk can bring. In fact, wise words can disarm adversaries and leave them exposed.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

When there are no oxen, the barn stays empty and clean. Farming in Judea heavily relied on oxen for plowing fields, transporting grain, and even threshing. Without these animals, farming activities come to a halt, leaving barns without straw for livestock and even less food for people.

The verse likens the absence of oxen to a lack of wheat or corn on the threshing floor or in storage. Commentators like Jarchi and Kimchi have noted this connection, highlighting how essential oxen are to agricultural productivity.

Interestingly, this verse can be viewed through a spiritual lens: where there are no diligent ministers, there is no nourishment for souls. Just as oxen work tirelessly in the fields, faithful and hardworking ministers provide essential spiritual guidance. They are described as teachers, leaders, and overseers, able to look deeply into the scriptures and their congregations' needs, much like oxen, who are known for their sharp vision.

Ministers should embody the characteristics of oxen: purity, constant meditation on divine matters, patience, and a strong work ethic in preaching and teaching. Their efforts in spreading the gospel bring about a bountiful spiritual harvest, much like the tangible harvest that hardworking oxen help produce. In places devoid of such devoted ministers, spiritual starvation ensues, resembling a famine where people suffer from a lack of knowledge.

In essence, the strength and labor of gospel ministers, akin to that of oxen in agriculture, lead to significant spiritual growth and nourishment. Their work helps convert souls and deepen the spiritual understanding of their communities, much like how diligent farming yields abundant crops.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

A reliable witness won't lie, because it goes against their very nature. Whether they're testifying under oath in a courtroom or just chatting in everyday life, a person of integrity sticks to the truth. This idea also applies to Gospel ministers, who spread the message of Christ. They preach the Gospel, staying true to its content, and consciously avoid spreading falsehoods or doctrinal lies. Indeed, as it says in 1 John 2:21, "no lie is of the truth." Christ himself is referred to as a "faithful witness" in Revelation 1:5, bearing witness to God's love, grace, and the teachings of the Gospel about salvation found in him. Since Christ embodies the very essence of "truth," he cannot and will not lie.

In contrast, a false witness spreads lies freely, almost as if they're blowing them out into the world. With no regard for conscience, they lie readily and with confidence. Someone who doesn’t hesitate to tell lies in their daily conversations is even more likely to lie under oath in a courtroom. Such a person is not trustworthy; small lies pave the way for bigger sins like perjury. False teachers and the followers of deceit often speak lies under the guise of truth, leading others astray. These individuals are deceptively dangerous and represent the antithesis of truth.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In today’s world, many people approach wisdom with an air of skepticism, only to come away empty-handed. This recalls the ancient Greeks who, despite their intellectual pursuits, mocked the straightforward message of the Gospel and ultimately failed to grasp divine wisdom. Their self-professed knowledge turned out to be futile since they didn’t recognize God. Similarly, false teachers who boasted about their understanding of the Gospel never truly arrived at the truth, despite their continuous learning. The Jews, too, in their mockery of the true Messiah, missed out on finding Him.

Often, the search for wisdom goes astray due to wrong approaches, misguided efforts, or the pursuit of unworthy ends. For those seeking wisdom through sarcasm and ridicule—much like how the Athenians interacted with the Apostle Paul—they end up failing to find it, or Christ, the epitome of wisdom, and suffer because of their ignorance.

On the flip side, for those who possess spiritual insight, gaining knowledge, especially that of Christ and the Gospel, is relatively straightforward. When the Spirit of God opens one’s understanding, Christ’s teachings become clear and accessible. The principles guiding life and salvation through Christ stand out plainly to those enlightened by this spiritual understanding.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In essence, John Gill warns us to distance ourselves from those who spread foolishness and harmful ideas. Interacting with such individuals won't provide us with meaningful knowledge or personal growth. Their words are often corrupt and unproductive, serving neither to edify nor to enlighten.

Gill suggests that associating with such a person is hazardous. Their influence can be akin to an infection, detrimental and damaging to our well-being. Essentially, he advises that if you're serious about acquiring wisdom and knowledge, you should avoid the company of foolish individuals as their conversation will lead you nowhere. On the contrary, if you spend time with wise people, their words will nourish and improve your understanding.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

The wisdom of the prudent is to understand one’s path — knowing the direction of their calling and how to navigate it effectively. It’s about comprehending their duties to walk respectfully before God and humanity and understanding the way to life and salvation, which is found through Jesus Christ. This understanding and approach represent the peak of wisdom and prudence.

Meanwhile, the folly of fools is rooted in deceit. The so-called “wisdom” of fools, which stands in contrast to true wisdom, is nothing but folly. It relies on trickery and deception, not only misleading others but also themselves. Such folly is evident in those who deceive with false miracles and wonders, drawing people into superstition and falsehoods.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Fools tend to trivialize sinful actions—whether their own or others'. They laugh them off, consider evil actions good, and good actions evil. They take delight in committing sins and enjoy when others do the same. They even mock the consequences their actions may have on others, scoff at reproofs, and ridicule those who try to correct them. These people laugh off warnings about future judgment, sarcastically questioning, “Where is this promised coming?”

Some interpretations suggest that this mockery extends to sin offerings and sacrifices mentioned in the law, with wicked individuals deriding these religious practices. A more pointed application of this could be towards the ultimate sin offering—Christ’s sacrifice. False teachers and various religious traditions may deride or downplay this sacrifice, favoring their own rituals and merits.

On the other hand, the righteous experience favor from both God and people. Unlike the fools, they don’t mock sin or take pleasure in others' misfortunes. Instead, they’re known for their good will, willingness to serve and support their friends and neighbors out of love. They are accepted by God because they recognize the profound significance of Christ’s sacrifice, something the fools choose to ignore and scorn.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

The heart knows its own bitterness, and that bitterness runs deep. Whether it’s the torment of a troubled conscience, physical pain, or the sting of life's disappointments, no one can truly grasp the depths of another’s suffering. Sure, others might catch a glimpse through a person’s expressions or words, but the full weight of that inner turmoil remains hidden.

This profound sorrow can stem from everyday woes like illness or loss, or it could have spiritual roots. However, not everyone experiences this kind of soul-deep bitterness. Those who indulge in life’s pleasures without restraint, or those hardened by sin, often feel nothing of it. It’s typically those awakened and guided by a higher spiritual force who truly understand the bitter taste of sin.

On the flip side, spiritual joy is equally personal and incomprehensible to outsiders. It's the elation felt when one discovers a sense of salvation, the relief of forgiven sins, and the hopeful glimpse of eternal grace. For those unfamiliar with spiritual journeys, this joy is something they can't fathom or partake in—they simply can't mingle with it or diminish it.

In sum, whether it's the hidden anguish of the soul or the serene joy of spiritual enlightenment, these profound emotions are uniquely personal. They'll always remain a mystery to those who haven't walked the same spiritual path.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

The fate of the wicked, according to biblical scholar John Gill, is rather bleak. Their grand houses, built with the intention of leaving a lasting legacy, will eventually come crashing down. Despite their strong foundations and lofty structures, these homes will not endure. They'll face ruin by accident or disaster, dashing their owners' hopes of eternal remembrance. Similarly, their families might perish without heirs to carry on their lineage, and their ill-gotten wealth will dissipate.

Spiritually, those who build their hopes on shaky grounds—such as superficial religious practices or mere outward appearances—will find their salvation crumbling. The downfall will be spectacular, akin to a house built on sand. This critique extends pointedly to the Church of Rome, described here in starkly negative terms, predicting its total and irreversible collapse.

In contrast, the lives of the virtuous are described with more optimism. Their modest homes, which might seem insignificant and temporary, will thrive. These humble abodes, compared to tents, will stand firm. Their families will multiply and their wealth will increase, not just materially but spiritually. They'll flourish like trees—palm trees and cedars specifically—in the divine courts. This promise looks forward to a future where righteousness prevails, especially in a world post-antichrist, suggesting a time when God's presence will be intimately felt among people.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Many people embark on paths that seem promising and fulfilling, laden with pleasures and accompanied by like-minded companions. These broad and appealing routes, however, often lead to ruin. For instance, individuals who rely solely on their own perceived righteousness, dismissing the value of others and even neglecting the sanctity of Christ's sacrifice, tread dangerously. These self-perceived "good works" may give them a false sense of security about their destiny.

Take, for example, the ostentatious rituals of certain religious practices. The elaborate ceremonies and seemingly miraculous events can create an illusion of a correct spiritual path. Yet, these flashy displays can mask a stark reality: such trajectories can ultimately culminate in something far graver—eternal demise. Just because a path looks attractive and is traveled by many does not mean it leads to true fulfillment. The consequences of following these seemingly right, yet misleading roads are serious, as the final destination is death.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Even in moments of joy, the heart can harbor sadness, much like Belshazzar during his grand feast when he saw the ominous writing on the wall. Despite the laughter and outward show of happiness, guilt and wrongdoing can cast a heavy shadow, turning merriment into sorrow. It's not uncommon for people to mask their deep sadness with a cheerful facade, laughing outwardly while their hearts silently ache.

This sorrow can stem from making light of serious things, mocking sin, or jesting about religion. Often, the culmination of such frivolity is regret and heaviness. In this life, people sometimes find themselves mourning the very joy they once reveled in, realizing, often too late, the hollowness of their antics.

Take, for example, the rich man in the Gospel who believed he had secured endless joy, only to face ultimate sorrow when his time came. He had enjoyed his good things on earth, but after, only grief awaited him. This narrative reminds us that fleeting happiness can lead to lasting regret if it’s built on a shaky foundation.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In life's journey, those who stray from their moral and spiritual path often find themselves overwhelmed by their own choices. A heart that drifts from steadfastness, one that succumbs to unbelief and drifts from divine principles, often manifests in a lifestyle reflecting that inner turmoil. While there are moments when even the faithful falter due to human weaknesses or external pressures, they often find their way back and heal through divine grace. However, this text focuses on those who consciously and willingly stray. Their actions lead to their own downfall, and they end up facing the full consequences of their choices.

In contrast, a virtuous person reaps the rewards of their righteousness. They find peace and satisfaction not merely from their actions but from the grace they recognize within themselves. This grace assures them of a greater, eternal reward. As they live out their days, they are comforted by an inner sense of fulfillment, continually nurtured by their faith and the divine grace bestowed upon them. Ultimately, the content heart lives a life marked by a profound sense of peace and a future filled with promise, in stark contrast to the turmoil of the backslider.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In today’s world, brimming with information, it's more important than ever to discern the truth from fiction. According to biblical scholar John Gill, there's a stark difference between the "simple" and the "prudent" when it comes to accepting and analyzing what they hear.

Gill suggests that the "simple" person believes everything they hear, whether it's gospel or gossip. These folks are easily misled, falling prey to false promises and tall tales. They lack the skepticism necessary to separate fact from fiction, making them vulnerable to misinformation and swindlers.

On the flip side, the "prudent" person takes a more cautious approach. They scrutinize the information presented to them, weighing it against the tenets of their faith and moral compass. Gill highlights that prudent individuals are wary of deceit and manipulation, and they rely on their understanding of divine truth to guide their judgment.

This distinction is evident in today's digital age, where misinformation can spread like wildfire. The wise will always question the credibility of what they read and hear, ensuring that their beliefs are grounded in verified truths rather than unchecked rumors. By doing so, they navigate life's complexities with a clear sense of purpose and direction.

In essence, John Gill's teachings remind us to be critical thinkers and not take everything at face value. Whether it's news, social media, or even everyday conversations, it's crucial to look deeper, think critically, and ground our beliefs in truth and integrity.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In the old wisdom of Proverbs, it’s said that a wise person possesses a healthy fear that steers them away from wrongdoing. It’s not just about being scared of punishment but having a sense of reverence towards goodness and God’s grace. Such a person avoids anything that might even look like sin, reflecting a profound understanding that marks true wisdom.

On the flip side, the fool charges ahead with reckless confidence, ignoring the boundaries set by both divine and human laws. This fool not only dismisses warnings and advice from others but acts as if there won’t be any consequences for their actions. They live without concern for the future and march towards ruin with a defiant arrogance, undeterred and unswayed by concerns of morality or caution.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

A quick-tempered person often acts rashly, letting their anger drive them to say and do things they soon regret. Their impulsive outbursts might evoke some sympathy and forgiveness. On the flip side, someone who conceals their anger and plots revenge is universally disliked. Their calculated schemes make them a menace in the eyes of both divine and human standards.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Inheritances can be a mixed bag. For some, it comes in the form of wisdom, practicality, and spirituality. For others, unfortunately, it seems to be laden with folly. This idea, emphasized by biblical scholar John Gill, suggests that some people are born into a legacy of misguided customs and notions, much like how wild donkeys instinctively roam untamed. Despite evidence that these ancestral traditions might be pure folly, descendants staunchly cling to them, oftentimes out of a sense of duty or familiarity.

Take, for example, the enduring traditions within the Roman Catholic Church. Many followers, having been raised in its teachings, hold onto its doctrines even when faced with the absurdities they might entail.

On the flip side, Gill underscores the merits of prudence. The wise wear their knowledge like a crown. They value learning about Christ, God, and Gospel truths above all else, often discrediting all other pursuits when compared to this divine understanding. For these individuals, the pursuit of this evangelical knowledge isn’t just an academic endeavor—it’s a spiritual journey, likened to the crown of life itself.

Moreover, those who are wise don’t just seek knowledge for its own sake. They integrate it into their lives, turning wisdom into virtue and serving as living testaments to the doctrines they espouse. Their lives, enriched by their deep understanding and commitment, honor and amplify that wisdom for others to see, almost like a well-adorned doctrine brought to life.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In a future era, wicked individuals will find themselves bowing before those who are righteous, symbolizing a world where virtue triumphs over vice. This concept, as noted by commentator Jarchi, points to a Messianic age where the kingdom under heaven is handed over to the saints. While there are historical examples like Haman bowing to Mordecai, or Roman emperors honoring Constantine, these instances are rare and not indicative of a general trend.

Looking ahead, many who have tormented or looked down upon the faithful will seek their favor, even bowing at their feet in humility. This shift will see former persecutors, including significant leaders and once-powerful figures, now revere the true Church. This phenomenon ties to the prophesied period of Christ’s spiritual reign.

Additionally, those once counted among the wicked will find themselves at the gates of the righteous, seeking help and guidance. They will wait humbly, much like beggars in need of assistance. This scene may also evoke the image of former cynics attending religious gatherings they once ignored, looking for wisdom and direction. The transformation suggests a world where respect for the righteous becomes the norm.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In our world, it's unfortunate but true that poverty often leads to social isolation. Even one's closest neighbors tend to avoid taking notice of the economically disadvantaged, likely due to an underlying fear of becoming burdened. Society tends to view poverty as a mark of shame, diminishing a person's respect and worth. Whether someone lacks financial resources or intellectual capital, the impact remains the same: social disdain.

Conversely, wealth attracts a different crowd. The rich, buoyed by their financial security, find themselves surrounded by many who seek their company—not necessarily out of genuine affection, but more likely for potential benefits. This holds true whether the wealth is in monetary terms or the form of wisdom and knowledge. However, in today's world, it's more about the former. A wise person who struggles financially doesn't enjoy the same regard as those with a fat bank account. The sad truth is that money often buys not just comfort, but friendship and respect.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In today's fast-paced world, disregarding or looking down on your neighbor is not just mean-spirited—it's outright wrong. When you dismiss someone based on their financial status, their background, or any other superficial factor, you're committing a significant moral misstep. Society often teaches us to value material success, but it's critical to remember the humanity in each individual, regardless of their circumstances.

On the flip side, showing compassion and helping those in need brings its own rewards. When you extend a helping hand to someone struggling—whether financially or otherwise—you not only make their life a little easier but also enrich your own. Acts of kindness have a way of uplifting both the giver and the receiver, creating a ripple effect of positivity.

In essence, treating people with empathy and respect, especially those who are less fortunate, cultivates a happier and more fulfilling life for everyone involved. So, let’s be kind and remember that our true worth is in how we treat others.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In our everyday lives, it's not uncommon to encounter people who plot harm or mischief. These individuals stray from what we might call a righteous path—deviating from truth, integrity, and kindness. They often believe their schemes will yield a rich harvest, but more often than not, they're sorely mistaken. Historically, some of the most notorious schemers have been certain factions within the Catholic Church, who have strayed far and dangerously from the true path.

On the flip side, there's a stark contrast for those who focus on doing good. These folks are committed to helping the poor, supporting their neighbors, and uplifting fellow humans. According to biblical teaching, these virtuous souls are rewarded with grace and mercy from God. The promises made to them will be fulfilled, and they'll find themselves guided away from harmful paths and kept on the course of goodness and truth. Not only will they avoid the pitfalls that ensnare evildoers, but they'll also flourish in grace and righteousness.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

John Gill, renowned biblical scholar, emphasized the value of hard work versus idle chatter. In his verbose and intricate analysis, he suggested that true gains—whether food, clothing, riches, or wisdom—come only from diligent effort, be it physical labor or intellectual pursuits. On the other hand, he warned that wasting time on idle talk leads to poverty, both materially and spiritually.

Gill stressed that those who spend their time merely boasting about their potential or accomplishments without doing any real work are destined for hardship. Empty words and vain discussions, he argued, lead to a poor and depleted mind. While meaningful conversation and sound doctrine can enrich and enlighten, hollow speech and excessive pride in one's so-called wisdom can only result in spiritual emptiness.

In sum, Gill's message underscores a timeless truth: success and fulfillment come from hard work and thoughtful action, not from idle talk and baseless boasting.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In this passage, John Gills is essentially saying that for wise individuals, their wealth isn’t just money in the bank; it’s a tool to gain more knowledge, improve themselves, and help others. This savvy use of money earns them respect and admiration among thoughtful and kindhearted people.

In contrast, for fools, their foolishness remains glaringly obvious, regardless of how much money they have. If anything, having wealth often makes their stupidity more apparent. Instead of using their resources wisely, they squander it on hedonistic pursuits and fail to benefit themselves or anyone else. Put simply, fools flaunt their foolishness, and it’s a shameful thing to be proud of. This makes such fools not just unwise but also morally questionable.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In essence, John Gill delves into the significant impact of being a truthful witness versus being deceitful. He suggests that a "true witness" isn’t just someone who tells the truth in court but a person who can save many lives and reputations from ruin. Think of this individual as a guardian against false accusations and oppressive enemies, someone who can preserve the good name and very life of those in peril.

On the flip side, Gill warns about the dangers of a deceitful witness, who openly spreads lies and can destroy the lives and reputations of innocent people. This deceitful person, he says, embodies falsehood and can misleadingly influence others to their detriment. Basically, a deceitful witness or false teacher leads people astray, causing significant harm.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

When people walk in the fear of the Lord, they can find robust confidence. Those who respect and revere the Lord can be assured of His unwavering love and deep affection for them. God's watchful eye and caring heart are always directed towards those who honor Him, promising to provide all that is necessary while ensuring protection and support. In essence, the Lord becomes a strong fortress, a secure place for those who fear and trust in Him. This idea echoes the biblical notion of the "fear of Isaac" mentioned in Genesis.

Furthermore, God's followers—referred to as His children—have a guaranteed refuge in Him. This refuge shelters them from the relentless pursuit of vengeance, shields them from divine wrath and legal curses, and offers sanctuary from human rage and persecution.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In a world where many of us are constantly seeking well-being and purpose, embracing a sense of reverence for something greater—call it "the fear of the Lord" if you will—acts like a wellspring of vitality. This profound respect or spiritual awareness doesn’t just inspire moral integrity; it creates a foundation for enduring fulfillment and, dare I say, eternal life.

This sense of awe or respect for a higher power generates a kind of spiritual life that sustains us and directs us towards everlasting happiness. It's as if the divine itself is the source of both our physical existence and our deeper, more meaningful, spiritual essence.

When we talk about avoiding life's pitfalls—be it bad habits, moral missteps, or even the more sinister temptations that the world throws our way—this reverence acts as a guiding light. It helps us steer clear of those traps and the potentially dreadful consequences that come with them. Essentially, nurturing this fear of the Lord serves as a safeguard, helping us dodge snares that can lead to ruin, both in this life and beyond.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In a thriving populace, a king finds his honor. This stands as a testament to effective and compassionate governance, where justice prevails, freedoms are protected, and prosperity is enjoyed. Such an environment encourages loyalty among subjects and can even attract newcomers, ultimately bolstering the king's strength and glory. This principle is also reflected in the realm of faith with Jesus Christ, often deemed the "King of Kings," whose following grows with willing believers.

Conversely, a lack of people spells disaster for a ruler. If wars, persecution, or oppressive policies deplete the population, the economic and agricultural foundations crumble, leading to a weakened state. This leaves the prince vulnerable to external threats and potential ruin. Drawing a parallel to religious imagery, the so-called "prince of darkness," or antichrist, may have once ruled over many, but will ultimately be abandoned and face desolation as prophesied in religious texts.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

A person who takes a long time to get angry shows great understanding and patience. They tolerate a lot, remain calm under pressure, and manage their emotions well, indicating wisdom and self-awareness.

On the other hand, someone who quickly loses their temper reveals their foolishness. Their anger surfaces in their words and actions, making it obvious to everyone around them. This impulsive behavior not only highlights their lack of wisdom but also brings them public embarrassment.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

A healthy heart can truly invigorate the body. When one possesses a heart filled with truth, righteousness, and goodwill, it safeguards against sin and various diseases, thereby maintaining physical health and vitality. Essentially, a peaceful heart—one free from anger, envy, and similar tumultuous emotions—greatly contributes to bodily well-being and overall life satisfaction.

Conversely, envy acts as a corrosive agent, eating away at one's spirit and physical health. It not only drains one’s energy but also weakens the body’s core strength, likened to rot within the bones. This internal decay mirrors the destructive nature of envy, as ancient poets Ovid and Martial have aptly described in their works.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Those who mistreat the poor disrespect their Creator, according to biblical scholar John Gills. This disrespect can manifest in various ways: mocking someone's poverty, engaging in troublesome legal battles, withholding fair wages, or neglecting to provide necessary aid. Such actions not only harm the impoverished individual but also dishonor God, who created both the wealthy and the poor.

Conversely, aiding the poor is an act of reverence towards God. Those who genuinely seek to honor God are inclined to share their resources with those in need, driven by compassion and a sense of duty. When they provide relief to the poor, they honor God's image in which the poor were created and obey His commandments. In essence, showing mercy to the underprivileged is a profound way of honoring their Maker.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In life and in death, paths diverge dramatically for the wicked and the righteous, biblical scholar John Gill famously noted. According to Gill, the wicked are forcefully removed from this world, clinging desperately to their earthly possessions and joyrides. Their fate is grim, banished to a place described as burning with fire and brimstone. This departure is neither voluntary nor serene - it is a brutal extraction, hurled out by forces far beyond their control, perhaps even God or death itself.

Gill posits that the wicked’s sins are the source of their torment, as they die unrepentant, weighed down by guilt and despair. They face their end with dread, forced to answer for a lifetime of wrongdoing.

In stark contrast, the righteous find hope as they approach death. They leave this world differently, buoyed by faith in Christ and the promise of eternal life. Their deaths are not free from the pains of the physical world, but they are graced with a serene confidence in the paradise that awaits them. This hope is not just a fleeting sentiment; it is a steadfast anchor, helping them traverse the fears of the unknown and welcoming them into a heavenly eternity with open arms.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In essence, wisdom finds a peaceful home in the heart of those who truly understand. It stays hidden, safe, and undisturbed, without any fanfare or showiness. These individuals don't feel the need to flaunt their wisdom; it simply resides within them quietly and persistently.

On the other hand, even a tiny bit of knowledge in a fool's heart quickly gets broadcasted. These people seize every chance to showcase what little they know, hoping to gain a reputation for being wise. Ironically, their eagerness to share actually highlights their foolishness. They lack the prudence to share their insights at the right times, in the right places, and with the right people. Instead, they carelessly blurt out their thoughts, revealing their lack of judgment and discretion. So, while the wise quietly embody their knowledge, fools loudly advertise their folly.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

"Righteousness lifts a nation to greatness. When a government is fair and its citizens treat each other justly, this moral integrity elevates a country, much like it did for ancient Israel. It garners respect both from God and from neighboring countries, accompanied by blessings that contribute to a nation’s honor and prosperity. Some interpret righteousness as acts of charity and kindness towards the poor, often equated with righteousness in biblical texts. True religion, embodying righteousness, brings honor to any nation that embraces it, making its people distinguished and noble.

Conversely, sin degrades a nation. When vice, immorality, and profanity take hold, a society becomes contemptible and falls into poverty and dishonor. Such a nation loses its self-respect and the ability to aid others, resulting in disdain from other countries. The term 'reproach' in this context is sometimes viewed as synonymous with 'mercy' or 'goodness.' For some, it implies that kindness to the poor is as valuable as a sin offering, more acceptable to God than mere sacrificial acts. Yet, the idolatrous practices and superficial piety of some nations are seen as mere sin, failing to replace genuine righteousness with superficial rituals.”

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In simpler terms, here's what John Gill is getting at: A wise and diligent servant who takes care of the king’s business earns the king's favor. This servant not only ensures everything runs smoothly for the king but also works for the betterment of the kingdom. As a result, this servant gains the king's trust, advances in rank and responsibility, and receives protection and support.

On the other hand, a servant who is careless or foolish in their duties brings shame to the king. This kind of behavior not only embarrasses the ruler but also leads to the servant's dismissal and disgrace. Essentially, the king’s anger and subsequent punishment are the inevitable consequences for a servant who causes shame.

The message here is pretty clear: competence and loyalty lead to rewards, while negligence and ineptitude result in disgrace and punishment.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In essence, those who live with integrity and uphold moral conduct do so because they hold a deep reverence for God, guiding their actions and decisions. This reverence helps them steer clear of wrongdoing, distinguishing their behavior from those who may not share the same beliefs. On the flip side, individuals who engage in dishonest or immoral behavior show a lack of respect not only for God's teachings but also for those who strive to live righteously. These individuals, by their choices, exhibit contempt for both the divine and the devout.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In the realm of the foolish, pride becomes their weapon of choice. They wield their arrogant words like a rod, striking at others and damaging reputations. Ironically, this behavior often backfires, causing harm to themselves as well. Think of Pharaoh, or the braggarts the Psalms warn us about, or even the blasphemous rhetoric of figures in Revelations.

On the flip side, the wise use their words to protect themselves. Their speech isn't filled with vanity; instead, it shields them from the harm reckless talk can bring. In fact, wise words can disarm adversaries and leave them exposed.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

When there are no oxen, the barn stays empty and clean. Farming in Judea heavily relied on oxen for plowing fields, transporting grain, and even threshing. Without these animals, farming activities come to a halt, leaving barns without straw for livestock and even less food for people.

The verse likens the absence of oxen to a lack of wheat or corn on the threshing floor or in storage. Commentators like Jarchi and Kimchi have noted this connection, highlighting how essential oxen are to agricultural productivity.

Interestingly, this verse can be viewed through a spiritual lens: where there are no diligent ministers, there is no nourishment for souls. Just as oxen work tirelessly in the fields, faithful and hardworking ministers provide essential spiritual guidance. They are described as teachers, leaders, and overseers, able to look deeply into the scriptures and their congregations' needs, much like oxen, who are known for their sharp vision.

Ministers should embody the characteristics of oxen: purity, constant meditation on divine matters, patience, and a strong work ethic in preaching and teaching. Their efforts in spreading the gospel bring about a bountiful spiritual harvest, much like the tangible harvest that hardworking oxen help produce. In places devoid of such devoted ministers, spiritual starvation ensues, resembling a famine where people suffer from a lack of knowledge.

In essence, the strength and labor of gospel ministers, akin to that of oxen in agriculture, lead to significant spiritual growth and nourishment. Their work helps convert souls and deepen the spiritual understanding of their communities, much like how diligent farming yields abundant crops.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

A reliable witness won't lie, because it goes against their very nature. Whether they're testifying under oath in a courtroom or just chatting in everyday life, a person of integrity sticks to the truth. This idea also applies to Gospel ministers, who spread the message of Christ. They preach the Gospel, staying true to its content, and consciously avoid spreading falsehoods or doctrinal lies. Indeed, as it says in 1 John 2:21, "no lie is of the truth." Christ himself is referred to as a "faithful witness" in Revelation 1:5, bearing witness to God's love, grace, and the teachings of the Gospel about salvation found in him. Since Christ embodies the very essence of "truth," he cannot and will not lie.

In contrast, a false witness spreads lies freely, almost as if they're blowing them out into the world. With no regard for conscience, they lie readily and with confidence. Someone who doesn’t hesitate to tell lies in their daily conversations is even more likely to lie under oath in a courtroom. Such a person is not trustworthy; small lies pave the way for bigger sins like perjury. False teachers and the followers of deceit often speak lies under the guise of truth, leading others astray. These individuals are deceptively dangerous and represent the antithesis of truth.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In today’s world, many people approach wisdom with an air of skepticism, only to come away empty-handed. This recalls the ancient Greeks who, despite their intellectual pursuits, mocked the straightforward message of the Gospel and ultimately failed to grasp divine wisdom. Their self-professed knowledge turned out to be futile since they didn’t recognize God. Similarly, false teachers who boasted about their understanding of the Gospel never truly arrived at the truth, despite their continuous learning. The Jews, too, in their mockery of the true Messiah, missed out on finding Him.

Often, the search for wisdom goes astray due to wrong approaches, misguided efforts, or the pursuit of unworthy ends. For those seeking wisdom through sarcasm and ridicule—much like how the Athenians interacted with the Apostle Paul—they end up failing to find it, or Christ, the epitome of wisdom, and suffer because of their ignorance.

On the flip side, for those who possess spiritual insight, gaining knowledge, especially that of Christ and the Gospel, is relatively straightforward. When the Spirit of God opens one’s understanding, Christ’s teachings become clear and accessible. The principles guiding life and salvation through Christ stand out plainly to those enlightened by this spiritual understanding.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In essence, John Gill warns us to distance ourselves from those who spread foolishness and harmful ideas. Interacting with such individuals won't provide us with meaningful knowledge or personal growth. Their words are often corrupt and unproductive, serving neither to edify nor to enlighten.

Gill suggests that associating with such a person is hazardous. Their influence can be akin to an infection, detrimental and damaging to our well-being. Essentially, he advises that if you're serious about acquiring wisdom and knowledge, you should avoid the company of foolish individuals as their conversation will lead you nowhere. On the contrary, if you spend time with wise people, their words will nourish and improve your understanding.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

The wisdom of the prudent is to understand one’s path — knowing the direction of their calling and how to navigate it effectively. It’s about comprehending their duties to walk respectfully before God and humanity and understanding the way to life and salvation, which is found through Jesus Christ. This understanding and approach represent the peak of wisdom and prudence.

Meanwhile, the folly of fools is rooted in deceit. The so-called “wisdom” of fools, which stands in contrast to true wisdom, is nothing but folly. It relies on trickery and deception, not only misleading others but also themselves. Such folly is evident in those who deceive with false miracles and wonders, drawing people into superstition and falsehoods.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Fools tend to trivialize sinful actions—whether their own or others'. They laugh them off, consider evil actions good, and good actions evil. They take delight in committing sins and enjoy when others do the same. They even mock the consequences their actions may have on others, scoff at reproofs, and ridicule those who try to correct them. These people laugh off warnings about future judgment, sarcastically questioning, “Where is this promised coming?”

Some interpretations suggest that this mockery extends to sin offerings and sacrifices mentioned in the law, with wicked individuals deriding these religious practices. A more pointed application of this could be towards the ultimate sin offering—Christ’s sacrifice. False teachers and various religious traditions may deride or downplay this sacrifice, favoring their own rituals and merits.

On the other hand, the righteous experience favor from both God and people. Unlike the fools, they don’t mock sin or take pleasure in others' misfortunes. Instead, they’re known for their good will, willingness to serve and support their friends and neighbors out of love. They are accepted by God because they recognize the profound significance of Christ’s sacrifice, something the fools choose to ignore and scorn.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

The heart knows its own bitterness, and that bitterness runs deep. Whether it’s the torment of a troubled conscience, physical pain, or the sting of life's disappointments, no one can truly grasp the depths of another’s suffering. Sure, others might catch a glimpse through a person’s expressions or words, but the full weight of that inner turmoil remains hidden.

This profound sorrow can stem from everyday woes like illness or loss, or it could have spiritual roots. However, not everyone experiences this kind of soul-deep bitterness. Those who indulge in life’s pleasures without restraint, or those hardened by sin, often feel nothing of it. It’s typically those awakened and guided by a higher spiritual force who truly understand the bitter taste of sin.

On the flip side, spiritual joy is equally personal and incomprehensible to outsiders. It's the elation felt when one discovers a sense of salvation, the relief of forgiven sins, and the hopeful glimpse of eternal grace. For those unfamiliar with spiritual journeys, this joy is something they can't fathom or partake in—they simply can't mingle with it or diminish it.

In sum, whether it's the hidden anguish of the soul or the serene joy of spiritual enlightenment, these profound emotions are uniquely personal. They'll always remain a mystery to those who haven't walked the same spiritual path.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

The fate of the wicked, according to biblical scholar John Gill, is rather bleak. Their grand houses, built with the intention of leaving a lasting legacy, will eventually come crashing down. Despite their strong foundations and lofty structures, these homes will not endure. They'll face ruin by accident or disaster, dashing their owners' hopes of eternal remembrance. Similarly, their families might perish without heirs to carry on their lineage, and their ill-gotten wealth will dissipate.

Spiritually, those who build their hopes on shaky grounds—such as superficial religious practices or mere outward appearances—will find their salvation crumbling. The downfall will be spectacular, akin to a house built on sand. This critique extends pointedly to the Church of Rome, described here in starkly negative terms, predicting its total and irreversible collapse.

In contrast, the lives of the virtuous are described with more optimism. Their modest homes, which might seem insignificant and temporary, will thrive. These humble abodes, compared to tents, will stand firm. Their families will multiply and their wealth will increase, not just materially but spiritually. They'll flourish like trees—palm trees and cedars specifically—in the divine courts. This promise looks forward to a future where righteousness prevails, especially in a world post-antichrist, suggesting a time when God's presence will be intimately felt among people.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Many people embark on paths that seem promising and fulfilling, laden with pleasures and accompanied by like-minded companions. These broad and appealing routes, however, often lead to ruin. For instance, individuals who rely solely on their own perceived righteousness, dismissing the value of others and even neglecting the sanctity of Christ's sacrifice, tread dangerously. These self-perceived "good works" may give them a false sense of security about their destiny.

Take, for example, the ostentatious rituals of certain religious practices. The elaborate ceremonies and seemingly miraculous events can create an illusion of a correct spiritual path. Yet, these flashy displays can mask a stark reality: such trajectories can ultimately culminate in something far graver—eternal demise. Just because a path looks attractive and is traveled by many does not mean it leads to true fulfillment. The consequences of following these seemingly right, yet misleading roads are serious, as the final destination is death.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Even in moments of joy, the heart can harbor sadness, much like Belshazzar during his grand feast when he saw the ominous writing on the wall. Despite the laughter and outward show of happiness, guilt and wrongdoing can cast a heavy shadow, turning merriment into sorrow. It's not uncommon for people to mask their deep sadness with a cheerful facade, laughing outwardly while their hearts silently ache.

This sorrow can stem from making light of serious things, mocking sin, or jesting about religion. Often, the culmination of such frivolity is regret and heaviness. In this life, people sometimes find themselves mourning the very joy they once reveled in, realizing, often too late, the hollowness of their antics.

Take, for example, the rich man in the Gospel who believed he had secured endless joy, only to face ultimate sorrow when his time came. He had enjoyed his good things on earth, but after, only grief awaited him. This narrative reminds us that fleeting happiness can lead to lasting regret if it’s built on a shaky foundation.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In life's journey, those who stray from their moral and spiritual path often find themselves overwhelmed by their own choices. A heart that drifts from steadfastness, one that succumbs to unbelief and drifts from divine principles, often manifests in a lifestyle reflecting that inner turmoil. While there are moments when even the faithful falter due to human weaknesses or external pressures, they often find their way back and heal through divine grace. However, this text focuses on those who consciously and willingly stray. Their actions lead to their own downfall, and they end up facing the full consequences of their choices.

In contrast, a virtuous person reaps the rewards of their righteousness. They find peace and satisfaction not merely from their actions but from the grace they recognize within themselves. This grace assures them of a greater, eternal reward. As they live out their days, they are comforted by an inner sense of fulfillment, continually nurtured by their faith and the divine grace bestowed upon them. Ultimately, the content heart lives a life marked by a profound sense of peace and a future filled with promise, in stark contrast to the turmoil of the backslider.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In today’s world, brimming with information, it's more important than ever to discern the truth from fiction. According to biblical scholar John Gill, there's a stark difference between the "simple" and the "prudent" when it comes to accepting and analyzing what they hear.

Gill suggests that the "simple" person believes everything they hear, whether it's gospel or gossip. These folks are easily misled, falling prey to false promises and tall tales. They lack the skepticism necessary to separate fact from fiction, making them vulnerable to misinformation and swindlers.

On the flip side, the "prudent" person takes a more cautious approach. They scrutinize the information presented to them, weighing it against the tenets of their faith and moral compass. Gill highlights that prudent individuals are wary of deceit and manipulation, and they rely on their understanding of divine truth to guide their judgment.

This distinction is evident in today's digital age, where misinformation can spread like wildfire. The wise will always question the credibility of what they read and hear, ensuring that their beliefs are grounded in verified truths rather than unchecked rumors. By doing so, they navigate life's complexities with a clear sense of purpose and direction.

In essence, John Gill's teachings remind us to be critical thinkers and not take everything at face value. Whether it's news, social media, or even everyday conversations, it's crucial to look deeper, think critically, and ground our beliefs in truth and integrity.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In the old wisdom of Proverbs, it’s said that a wise person possesses a healthy fear that steers them away from wrongdoing. It’s not just about being scared of punishment but having a sense of reverence towards goodness and God’s grace. Such a person avoids anything that might even look like sin, reflecting a profound understanding that marks true wisdom.

On the flip side, the fool charges ahead with reckless confidence, ignoring the boundaries set by both divine and human laws. This fool not only dismisses warnings and advice from others but acts as if there won’t be any consequences for their actions. They live without concern for the future and march towards ruin with a defiant arrogance, undeterred and unswayed by concerns of morality or caution.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

A quick-tempered person often acts rashly, letting their anger drive them to say and do things they soon regret. Their impulsive outbursts might evoke some sympathy and forgiveness. On the flip side, someone who conceals their anger and plots revenge is universally disliked. Their calculated schemes make them a menace in the eyes of both divine and human standards.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Inheritances can be a mixed bag. For some, it comes in the form of wisdom, practicality, and spirituality. For others, unfortunately, it seems to be laden with folly. This idea, emphasized by biblical scholar John Gill, suggests that some people are born into a legacy of misguided customs and notions, much like how wild donkeys instinctively roam untamed. Despite evidence that these ancestral traditions might be pure folly, descendants staunchly cling to them, oftentimes out of a sense of duty or familiarity.

Take, for example, the enduring traditions within the Roman Catholic Church. Many followers, having been raised in its teachings, hold onto its doctrines even when faced with the absurdities they might entail.

On the flip side, Gill underscores the merits of prudence. The wise wear their knowledge like a crown. They value learning about Christ, God, and Gospel truths above all else, often discrediting all other pursuits when compared to this divine understanding. For these individuals, the pursuit of this evangelical knowledge isn’t just an academic endeavor—it’s a spiritual journey, likened to the crown of life itself.

Moreover, those who are wise don’t just seek knowledge for its own sake. They integrate it into their lives, turning wisdom into virtue and serving as living testaments to the doctrines they espouse. Their lives, enriched by their deep understanding and commitment, honor and amplify that wisdom for others to see, almost like a well-adorned doctrine brought to life.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In a future era, wicked individuals will find themselves bowing before those who are righteous, symbolizing a world where virtue triumphs over vice. This concept, as noted by commentator Jarchi, points to a Messianic age where the kingdom under heaven is handed over to the saints. While there are historical examples like Haman bowing to Mordecai, or Roman emperors honoring Constantine, these instances are rare and not indicative of a general trend.

Looking ahead, many who have tormented or looked down upon the faithful will seek their favor, even bowing at their feet in humility. This shift will see former persecutors, including significant leaders and once-powerful figures, now revere the true Church. This phenomenon ties to the prophesied period of Christ’s spiritual reign.

Additionally, those once counted among the wicked will find themselves at the gates of the righteous, seeking help and guidance. They will wait humbly, much like beggars in need of assistance. This scene may also evoke the image of former cynics attending religious gatherings they once ignored, looking for wisdom and direction. The transformation suggests a world where respect for the righteous becomes the norm.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In our world, it's unfortunate but true that poverty often leads to social isolation. Even one's closest neighbors tend to avoid taking notice of the economically disadvantaged, likely due to an underlying fear of becoming burdened. Society tends to view poverty as a mark of shame, diminishing a person's respect and worth. Whether someone lacks financial resources or intellectual capital, the impact remains the same: social disdain.

Conversely, wealth attracts a different crowd. The rich, buoyed by their financial security, find themselves surrounded by many who seek their company—not necessarily out of genuine affection, but more likely for potential benefits. This holds true whether the wealth is in monetary terms or the form of wisdom and knowledge. However, in today's world, it's more about the former. A wise person who struggles financially doesn't enjoy the same regard as those with a fat bank account. The sad truth is that money often buys not just comfort, but friendship and respect.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In today's fast-paced world, disregarding or looking down on your neighbor is not just mean-spirited—it's outright wrong. When you dismiss someone based on their financial status, their background, or any other superficial factor, you're committing a significant moral misstep. Society often teaches us to value material success, but it's critical to remember the humanity in each individual, regardless of their circumstances.

On the flip side, showing compassion and helping those in need brings its own rewards. When you extend a helping hand to someone struggling—whether financially or otherwise—you not only make their life a little easier but also enrich your own. Acts of kindness have a way of uplifting both the giver and the receiver, creating a ripple effect of positivity.

In essence, treating people with empathy and respect, especially those who are less fortunate, cultivates a happier and more fulfilling life for everyone involved. So, let’s be kind and remember that our true worth is in how we treat others.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In our everyday lives, it's not uncommon to encounter people who plot harm or mischief. These individuals stray from what we might call a righteous path—deviating from truth, integrity, and kindness. They often believe their schemes will yield a rich harvest, but more often than not, they're sorely mistaken. Historically, some of the most notorious schemers have been certain factions within the Catholic Church, who have strayed far and dangerously from the true path.

On the flip side, there's a stark contrast for those who focus on doing good. These folks are committed to helping the poor, supporting their neighbors, and uplifting fellow humans. According to biblical teaching, these virtuous souls are rewarded with grace and mercy from God. The promises made to them will be fulfilled, and they'll find themselves guided away from harmful paths and kept on the course of goodness and truth. Not only will they avoid the pitfalls that ensnare evildoers, but they'll also flourish in grace and righteousness.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

John Gill, renowned biblical scholar, emphasized the value of hard work versus idle chatter. In his verbose and intricate analysis, he suggested that true gains—whether food, clothing, riches, or wisdom—come only from diligent effort, be it physical labor or intellectual pursuits. On the other hand, he warned that wasting time on idle talk leads to poverty, both materially and spiritually.

Gill stressed that those who spend their time merely boasting about their potential or accomplishments without doing any real work are destined for hardship. Empty words and vain discussions, he argued, lead to a poor and depleted mind. While meaningful conversation and sound doctrine can enrich and enlighten, hollow speech and excessive pride in one's so-called wisdom can only result in spiritual emptiness.

In sum, Gill's message underscores a timeless truth: success and fulfillment come from hard work and thoughtful action, not from idle talk and baseless boasting.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In this passage, John Gills is essentially saying that for wise individuals, their wealth isn’t just money in the bank; it’s a tool to gain more knowledge, improve themselves, and help others. This savvy use of money earns them respect and admiration among thoughtful and kindhearted people.

In contrast, for fools, their foolishness remains glaringly obvious, regardless of how much money they have. If anything, having wealth often makes their stupidity more apparent. Instead of using their resources wisely, they squander it on hedonistic pursuits and fail to benefit themselves or anyone else. Put simply, fools flaunt their foolishness, and it’s a shameful thing to be proud of. This makes such fools not just unwise but also morally questionable.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In essence, John Gill delves into the significant impact of being a truthful witness versus being deceitful. He suggests that a "true witness" isn’t just someone who tells the truth in court but a person who can save many lives and reputations from ruin. Think of this individual as a guardian against false accusations and oppressive enemies, someone who can preserve the good name and very life of those in peril.

On the flip side, Gill warns about the dangers of a deceitful witness, who openly spreads lies and can destroy the lives and reputations of innocent people. This deceitful person, he says, embodies falsehood and can misleadingly influence others to their detriment. Basically, a deceitful witness or false teacher leads people astray, causing significant harm.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

When people walk in the fear of the Lord, they can find robust confidence. Those who respect and revere the Lord can be assured of His unwavering love and deep affection for them. God's watchful eye and caring heart are always directed towards those who honor Him, promising to provide all that is necessary while ensuring protection and support. In essence, the Lord becomes a strong fortress, a secure place for those who fear and trust in Him. This idea echoes the biblical notion of the "fear of Isaac" mentioned in Genesis.

Furthermore, God's followers—referred to as His children—have a guaranteed refuge in Him. This refuge shelters them from the relentless pursuit of vengeance, shields them from divine wrath and legal curses, and offers sanctuary from human rage and persecution.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In a world where many of us are constantly seeking well-being and purpose, embracing a sense of reverence for something greater—call it "the fear of the Lord" if you will—acts like a wellspring of vitality. This profound respect or spiritual awareness doesn’t just inspire moral integrity; it creates a foundation for enduring fulfillment and, dare I say, eternal life.

This sense of awe or respect for a higher power generates a kind of spiritual life that sustains us and directs us towards everlasting happiness. It's as if the divine itself is the source of both our physical existence and our deeper, more meaningful, spiritual essence.

When we talk about avoiding life's pitfalls—be it bad habits, moral missteps, or even the more sinister temptations that the world throws our way—this reverence acts as a guiding light. It helps us steer clear of those traps and the potentially dreadful consequences that come with them. Essentially, nurturing this fear of the Lord serves as a safeguard, helping us dodge snares that can lead to ruin, both in this life and beyond.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In a thriving populace, a king finds his honor. This stands as a testament to effective and compassionate governance, where justice prevails, freedoms are protected, and prosperity is enjoyed. Such an environment encourages loyalty among subjects and can even attract newcomers, ultimately bolstering the king's strength and glory. This principle is also reflected in the realm of faith with Jesus Christ, often deemed the "King of Kings," whose following grows with willing believers.

Conversely, a lack of people spells disaster for a ruler. If wars, persecution, or oppressive policies deplete the population, the economic and agricultural foundations crumble, leading to a weakened state. This leaves the prince vulnerable to external threats and potential ruin. Drawing a parallel to religious imagery, the so-called "prince of darkness," or antichrist, may have once ruled over many, but will ultimately be abandoned and face desolation as prophesied in religious texts.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

A person who takes a long time to get angry shows great understanding and patience. They tolerate a lot, remain calm under pressure, and manage their emotions well, indicating wisdom and self-awareness.

On the other hand, someone who quickly loses their temper reveals their foolishness. Their anger surfaces in their words and actions, making it obvious to everyone around them. This impulsive behavior not only highlights their lack of wisdom but also brings them public embarrassment.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

A healthy heart can truly invigorate the body. When one possesses a heart filled with truth, righteousness, and goodwill, it safeguards against sin and various diseases, thereby maintaining physical health and vitality. Essentially, a peaceful heart—one free from anger, envy, and similar tumultuous emotions—greatly contributes to bodily well-being and overall life satisfaction.

Conversely, envy acts as a corrosive agent, eating away at one's spirit and physical health. It not only drains one’s energy but also weakens the body’s core strength, likened to rot within the bones. This internal decay mirrors the destructive nature of envy, as ancient poets Ovid and Martial have aptly described in their works.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Those who mistreat the poor disrespect their Creator, according to biblical scholar John Gills. This disrespect can manifest in various ways: mocking someone's poverty, engaging in troublesome legal battles, withholding fair wages, or neglecting to provide necessary aid. Such actions not only harm the impoverished individual but also dishonor God, who created both the wealthy and the poor.

Conversely, aiding the poor is an act of reverence towards God. Those who genuinely seek to honor God are inclined to share their resources with those in need, driven by compassion and a sense of duty. When they provide relief to the poor, they honor God's image in which the poor were created and obey His commandments. In essence, showing mercy to the underprivileged is a profound way of honoring their Maker.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In life and in death, paths diverge dramatically for the wicked and the righteous, biblical scholar John Gill famously noted. According to Gill, the wicked are forcefully removed from this world, clinging desperately to their earthly possessions and joyrides. Their fate is grim, banished to a place described as burning with fire and brimstone. This departure is neither voluntary nor serene - it is a brutal extraction, hurled out by forces far beyond their control, perhaps even God or death itself.

Gill posits that the wicked’s sins are the source of their torment, as they die unrepentant, weighed down by guilt and despair. They face their end with dread, forced to answer for a lifetime of wrongdoing.

In stark contrast, the righteous find hope as they approach death. They leave this world differently, buoyed by faith in Christ and the promise of eternal life. Their deaths are not free from the pains of the physical world, but they are graced with a serene confidence in the paradise that awaits them. This hope is not just a fleeting sentiment; it is a steadfast anchor, helping them traverse the fears of the unknown and welcoming them into a heavenly eternity with open arms.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In essence, wisdom finds a peaceful home in the heart of those who truly understand. It stays hidden, safe, and undisturbed, without any fanfare or showiness. These individuals don't feel the need to flaunt their wisdom; it simply resides within them quietly and persistently.

On the other hand, even a tiny bit of knowledge in a fool's heart quickly gets broadcasted. These people seize every chance to showcase what little they know, hoping to gain a reputation for being wise. Ironically, their eagerness to share actually highlights their foolishness. They lack the prudence to share their insights at the right times, in the right places, and with the right people. Instead, they carelessly blurt out their thoughts, revealing their lack of judgment and discretion. So, while the wise quietly embody their knowledge, fools loudly advertise their folly.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

"Righteousness lifts a nation to greatness. When a government is fair and its citizens treat each other justly, this moral integrity elevates a country, much like it did for ancient Israel. It garners respect both from God and from neighboring countries, accompanied by blessings that contribute to a nation’s honor and prosperity. Some interpret righteousness as acts of charity and kindness towards the poor, often equated with righteousness in biblical texts. True religion, embodying righteousness, brings honor to any nation that embraces it, making its people distinguished and noble.

Conversely, sin degrades a nation. When vice, immorality, and profanity take hold, a society becomes contemptible and falls into poverty and dishonor. Such a nation loses its self-respect and the ability to aid others, resulting in disdain from other countries. The term 'reproach' in this context is sometimes viewed as synonymous with 'mercy' or 'goodness.' For some, it implies that kindness to the poor is as valuable as a sin offering, more acceptable to God than mere sacrificial acts. Yet, the idolatrous practices and superficial piety of some nations are seen as mere sin, failing to replace genuine righteousness with superficial rituals.”

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In simpler terms, here's what John Gill is getting at: A wise and diligent servant who takes care of the king’s business earns the king's favor. This servant not only ensures everything runs smoothly for the king but also works for the betterment of the kingdom. As a result, this servant gains the king's trust, advances in rank and responsibility, and receives protection and support.

On the other hand, a servant who is careless or foolish in their duties brings shame to the king. This kind of behavior not only embarrasses the ruler but also leads to the servant's dismissal and disgrace. Essentially, the king’s anger and subsequent punishment are the inevitable consequences for a servant who causes shame.

The message here is pretty clear: competence and loyalty lead to rewards, while negligence and ineptitude result in disgrace and punishment.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

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