Proverbs, Chapter 19 - Wisdom and Virtue

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Understanding the soul and its intrinsic value is fundamental. According to biblical scholar John Gill, not having knowledge - particularly about God, Christ, and spiritual matters - is a serious shortfall. It essentially reduces individuals to a state similar to unthinking beasts, devoid of understanding the importance and condition of their souls.

Ancient interpretations, such as those by Jarchi, suggest that being without this awareness is undesirable because it indicates a lack of concern for one's soul. This neglect means failing to recognize its worth, the peril it might be in, and how to save it.

Gill also points out that acting hastily or rashly, without proper knowledge or consideration, can lead to sin. This is particularly true for those who rush into evil actions, such as robbery or violence, without thoughtful deliberation. In sum, mindful awareness and deliberate action are keys to not only spiritual wellbeing but also moral integrity.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

When things go wrong in our lives, it's often our own misguided choices and inherent flaws that lead us astray. Poor decisions set us on a path where nothing seems to work out, leaving us entangled in a web of difficulties. Rather than blaming ourselves, we tend to lay the fault on higher powers, thinking it's bad luck or divine intervention that's thwarting our plans. This misplaced blame just fuels our frustration, causing us to grumble against fate instead of owning up to our own mistakes.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Wealth attracts friends. As your bank balance rises, so does your social circle, echoing the poet's sentiment: "While you prosper, you'll count many friends." This idea is similar to the wise words from Proverbs 14:20.

Conversely, poverty drives people away. When you are struggling, even your closest companions may distance themselves, avoiding your company and presence. Another poet captures this well: "If you are rich, you will have many friends; but, if poor, few."

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

A false witness won't go unpunished. Even if someone lies about their neighbor in court and thinks they've gotten away with it, they won't escape divine justice. God, who sees everything, will hold them accountable, whether in this life or the next, because perjury is a serious offense.

Similarly, those who lie even in casual conversation won't avoid the consequences. Lying is seen as disgraceful both by society and by God, who warns of severe penalties for such behavior. In the end, there will be a reckoning for all deceit.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In today's world, many people eagerly seek the favor of influential leaders or wealthy benefactors, much like petitioners in days of old beseeching kings and princes. Historically, these rulers were known for their generosity, attracting a plethora of courtiers and aides looking to gain a favor or secure a prestigious position.

The desire for a connection with those who hold power and wealth is not exclusive to the lower echelons of society; even individuals of high status often seek out these relationships, hoping to benefit either directly or indirectly. This sentiment rings true across generations: people gravitate towards those who not only have the means but also the inclination to assist others.

Generous individuals, those who habitually give gifts and aid, naturally attract friends and allies. Their wealth and willingness to share it make them popular figures, not just among those in need, but also among those who advocate on their behalf. Such dynamics create a network of relationships, forged through mutual benefit and the shared aim of supporting those in less fortunate circumstances.

Some interpret this dynamic through a religious lens, drawing parallels to the figure of Christ, who is believed to bestow gifts upon humanity. This interpretation underscores the timeless nature of generosity and the universal respect and admiration it garners.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Even a poor man’s siblings may scorn him, neglecting and distancing themselves because of his financial struggles. If those bound by blood can treat him like this, what does that say about his friends and neighbors? They’re likely to abandon him even faster, especially during rough times. Picture someone in distress pleading for help, only to be met with empty promises. His words fall on deaf ears, and any vows of assistance evaporate into thin air. Some argue that it’s the man’s fault he’s poor, pointing fingers and assigning blame. But often, these accusations hold no truth. Essentially, whether it's the poor man's earnest pleas or others' assurances, none of it proves helpful or genuine.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In the Book of Proverbs, it's said that acquiring wisdom is akin to loving one's own soul. This isn't just any wisdom—it's about understanding both the world around us and, more importantly, divine and spiritual matters. Imagine gaining insight into something as profound as Christ, considered the ultimate embodiment of divine wisdom. That's what Proverbs 3:13 talks about.

Alternatively, this verse is sometimes interpreted as "he who gets a heart." But not just any heart—a new, pure heart that's soft and receptive, contrasting with a hardened one. Think of a heart that truly understands and reveres the divine, just like Solomon's. It's a heart that houses God's teachings and the Holy Spirit.

Anyone who seeks, prays for, and ultimately possesses such a heart demonstrates a deep care for their own soul's well-being. In contrast, those who indulge in ignorance or wickedness essentially wrong and despise their own souls, much like what's discussed in Proverbs 29:24.

Furthermore, those who hold on to their understanding and wisdom find good things. By sticking to the teachings of the Gospel and following its principles, they gain not only spiritual fulfillment but also peace, joy, and comfort in this life. And in the life to come, they can look forward to glory and happiness.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

A false witness won't go unpunished, and those who spread lies are destined for destruction. They won't find a place in the holy city but will instead face severe consequences. Those who hypocritically preach and believe in lies are set on a path to a grim fate.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Joy doesn't suit a fool—think of Nabal, who was notorious for disregarding wisdom even when his fortunes were fair. His delight in prosperity was misplaced, leading to his own undoing. As the saying goes, "The prosperity of fools shall destroy them." These folks simply don't know how to handle their success or pleasures wisely. They can't moderate their experiences and often end up worse for wear. For them, even discussing spiritual joy in the Lord's ways feels disingenuous since they lead lives straying towards sin.

Even worse is the idea of a servant ruling over princes. Solomon, reputedly wise, found this notion distasteful and identified it as one of the world's intolerable sights. A servant, suddenly mastering those far above him, brings about chaos—an imbalance that's hard to stomach. Spiritually, this scenario can be likened to our nobler instincts, like understanding and intellect, being overpowered by base desires and carnal instincts. It's a topsy-turvy situation, neither proper nor appealing.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In today's fast-paced world, the ability of a person to control their temper is a mark of true wisdom. Instead of reacting immediately when wronged, a wise individual takes a moment to consider the offense and chooses an appropriate response. This patience mirrors a divine quality, reminiscent of a higher power known for being patient and kind-hearted.

Moreover, there is great honor in choosing to forgive rather than retaliate. Overlooking an offense not only upholds one's dignity but also reflects strength of character. Conversely, being quick to anger can lead to disgrace and potential downfall. In essence, there is remarkable grace and glory in the act of forgiveness.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

The wrath of a king is likened to the roar of a hungry lion, a fearsome and terrifying sound aimed at its prey. History has seen many rulers compared to lions, like Nebuchadnezzar and Nero, notorious for their fierce tempers. Think of Ahasuerus's fury with Haman; such anger was nothing short of terrifying. Some scholars even liken this imagery to the divine wrath of God or to Jesus Christ, the Lion of Judah, whose judgment is a formidable force against the wicked, including earthly kings.

On the flip side, a king's favor is as gentle and life-giving as dew on grass, bringing refreshment and growth. Similarly, when rulers show goodwill towards their subjects, it generates happiness and vitality among the people. The love and favor of God or Christ have much the same effect, spreading joy and rejuvenation to humanity.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

A wayward son is truly heartbreaking for a father. He brings not just shame to the family but a cascade of worries and troubles. His reckless behavior can tarnish the family's name and drain their resources through lavish spending. Worse still, his misdeeds can lead to the destruction of his own life, both physically and spiritually.

On the other hand, dealing with a quarrelsome spouse can be just as taxing, akin to the incessant drip of rain leaking into a poorly maintained home. It creates a persistently uncomfortable atmosphere. A constantly nagging and argumentative wife can make a man's life downright miserable. This kind of daily turmoil was famously endured by Socrates, whose wife Xantippe was notorious for her relentless bickering. Both situations, a troublesome child and a contentious spouse, can profoundly disturb one's peace.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In a world where parents often work hard to ensure their children inherit homes and wealth, there’s one treasure they can't simply bestow: a wise and prudent wife. Such a partner, who skillfully manages the household and raises children with care, isn’t just the product of parental planning or individual effort. This kind of spouse is viewed as a gift from a higher power, a blessing to be appreciated and cherished. Parents might be able to hand down property and material wealth, but a smart, supportive companion? That’s a blessing attributed to divine providence.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Laziness drives people into a state of constant drowsiness. Those who are habitually sluggish tend to sleep excessively and are often indifferent to their well-being, both materially and spiritually. They waste their days and nights in a fog of sleepiness, neglecting their responsibilities and future.

Similarly, those who avoid work will eventually face hunger. If you're not willing to put in the effort, don't expect nourishment, whether it's food for the body or sustenance for the soul. Inaction leads to need, and neglecting one's spiritual needs can be just as devastating as starving the body.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In simpler terms, if you follow the rules—whether they're from parents, bosses, or leaders—you’re essentially looking out for your own well-being. Sure, no one can keep every rule perfectly. But trying your best, motivated by faith and love for God, shows you care about your inner peace. There's a sort of inherent reward in living by these commands, even if it's not about earning salvation. Think of it as aligning yourself with a sense of purpose and good conscience.

On the flip side, if you disregard these guiding principles and just do whatever you feel like—without thinking about the consequences—you’re on a risky path. Acting without regard for moral or spiritual laws can lead to a destructive life. Ignoring God’s ways, which are meant to guide you, is like walking into danger blindly. Essentially, living this kind of careless life has its own built-in dangers. It's not just about breaking rules; it's about neglecting the path to something greater. According to the scriptures, this kind of negligence could lead to a spiritual death, or even an untimely demise, depending on the interpretation.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

When you extend a helping hand to those in need, you're effectively making a loan to God. This isn't just about throwing your resources away; it's more of a secured investment with divine backing. When you help the poor out of genuine compassion and without any hidden agenda, it's as though you're entrusting your kindness to God, and He promises to return it with interest.

The returns on this investment might come in various forms. In this life, you could see your material wealth grow, your family flourish, and your inner peace deepen. You might also experience a stronger sense of God's presence and receive more grace. And let's not forget the ultimate return in the afterlife—not as something you earned, but as a generous gift from a loving God.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Discipline your child while there is still hope—while they're young and can still benefit from guidance. This is crucial during infancy, childhood, and adolescence when they're still under the influence of parental authority. After all, once bad habits take root and grow stronger, it becomes much harder to correct them.

Don't be swayed by their tears and pleas. It's easy to let a sense of misplaced pity stop you from following through with discipline, but remember that the consequences of neglecting this responsibility can be harmful for both you and your child. This doesn’t mean being harsh to the point of hurting them; moderation is key. Some parents might be too lenient, like Eli in the Bible, while others might go overboard with anger and physical punishment. The goal is to find a balanced approach that corrects without cruelty.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

People with a fiery temper often find themselves in constant trouble. Whether it's a child who continuously provokes their parents, or a parent who harshly disciplines their child, both are bound to face the consequences. More generally, anyone who allows anger to dominate their actions is likely to find themselves in ongoing disputes and legal troubles. Even if they manage to get out of one tricky situation, they're quickly entangled in another.

Take, for example, the character of Shimei from the Old Testament—despite moments of reprieve, he repeatedly got himself into hot water. Ultimately, the cycle of wrath and punishment becomes never-ending, creating a perpetual state of turmoil and conflict for those who can't keep their anger in check.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Take advice and heed instruction, whether it comes from parents, teachers, or spiritual leaders. Especially, pay attention to the wise teachings of Jesus Christ, often called the "Wonderful Counselor," and look to the wisdom found in his Gospel and the Scriptures, which can guide you toward salvation.

By absorbing this wisdom, you'll make decisions now that will be beneficial later in life, particularly as you face the end of your days. The idea is to live a life that shows you’ve thought about your future beyond just the here and now, ensuring your spiritual well-being. This means trusting Christ, believing in his promise of eternal life, and letting his teachings shape your actions and overall outlook.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In life, people entertain countless ambitions and schemes. Some chase after wealth and fame, hoping to secure long lives and lasting legacies. Others indulge in desires or engage in harmful behavior, targeting individuals or undermining religious communities. Then there are those who, in the realm of faith, concoct new teachings or practices, seeking alternate routes to salvation beyond the established doctrines.

Despite these myriad human intentions, the guiding principles of the divine persist. The fundamental truths of the Gospel and the divine plan of salvation, conceived through infinite wisdom, endure beyond human manipulation. They have withstood countless challenges—from persecution to false teachings—and will continue to do so until the end of times.

The divine will, embedded in eternal wisdom, orchestrates everything in nature and beyond. Everything aligns with this grand design, regardless of human or supernatural opposition. Ultimately, every divine purpose will come to fruition, both in the world and within the church, defying all attempts to thwart it.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In simple terms, the message here is about the value of kindness and honesty. It suggests that a person’s genuine desire to show kindness is a very admirable quality. Even if someone doesn’t have the resources to help others, the mere wish to do so is what really counts. This positive intention is seen as a beautiful trait.

On the flip side, it’s better to be poor and truthful than to be wealthy and deceitful. A rich person who pretends they can’t help others, or who promises assistance but never follows through, is seen in a negative light. In contrast, a poor person who genuinely wishes to help is viewed as possessing higher character. Ultimately, the piece emphasizes that true worth lies in one’s intentions and honesty, rather than in material wealth.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

The fear of the Lord leads to life. The concept of godliness, with the fear of the Lord at its core, carries promises for both this life and the next. It’s the starting point of a spiritual journey that ultimately points to eternal life.

Those who embody this fear find themselves content with their lives and what they possess. Their spiritual fulfillment brings them a sense of completeness and abundant blessings. This inner satisfaction allows them to rest easy, day and night, knowing they have enough.

And here’s the comfort: such individuals won't be overwhelmed by misfortune. Even when faced with adversity, these challenges work out for their good and do not sever their connection to divine love.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In cold weather, a lazy person tends to keep their hand tucked away to stay warm, avoiding any kind of work. Picture this: it's as if they are so averse to effort that they'd rather keep their hand under a pot to warm it than actually do something productive. Even when it comes to eating, the laziness persists. They might dunk their hand into a plate of food but won't even bother to bring it to their mouth. It's an exaggerated way to say that they'd rather go hungry than exert any effort, reflecting a deep-seated indolence.

Some scholars even argue that this could symbolize those who are spiritually negligent, having access to the Holy Scriptures but not taking the effort to grasp the spiritual nourishment within. Essentially, they're holding a treasure trove of wisdom but can’t be bothered to use any of it to better their souls.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In modern terms, what this passage essentially tells us is that when you call out someone who's mocking or dismissing religion, it might not change their ways. The mocker might brush off your reproach, but there's still value in speaking up. Why? Because someone else, who may not be as entrenched in their skepticism, could be paying attention. This second person, although uninformed, is still open-minded enough to learn a lesson from the situation. They'll see the consequences of scoffing at what's good and might become wiser for it.

On the flip side, if you offer constructive criticism to someone who already shows some level of understanding, they'll appreciate it and grow even wiser. They'll take that feedback and use it to deepen their knowledge. So, even if it seems like your words are falling on deaf ears with one person, there's a good chance they will resonate with someone else in the room, making the effort worthwhile.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Imagine a son squandering his father's hard-earned money, whether it's through reckless spending or constantly needing bailouts from trouble. He's not just draining financial resources; he's also exhausting his father's health and spirit, leading to a sorrowful, stress-filled old age. Now, picture this same son driving his mother to the brink with his actions. Once the apple of her eye, he's now a source of such distress that she can't bear to be around him anymore.

This troubling figure isn't just a personal tragedy; he's a public one, too. His behavior brings shame and disrepute not just on himself, but on the entire family. This narrative reminds us how deeply a child's actions can ripple through the lives of their parents, highlighting the profound impact of responsibility—or the lack thereof.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In Proverbs, Solomon or perhaps the personification of Wisdom itself (often interpreted as Christ), advises against heeding the instructions of those who would lead one astray. The caution extends to avoiding false teachers and their misleading doctrines, such as the teachings of certain sects and movements throughout history that have veered away from established truths about divine knowledge.

There is a particular warning against the doctrines of the Church of Rome that historically discouraged laypeople from reading the Scriptures, elevated unwritten traditions to the status of holy writ, and granted the Pope the authority of an infallible interpreter. This caution also covers erroneous teachings from various other historical Christian heresies and controversies—including those denying fundamental tenets about the Trinity, Christ's divinity, and human nature.

The essence of the instruction is to cling to the words of God—found in the Scriptures, which are envisioned as the means of revealing true knowledge about the divine. This knowledge includes understanding God's grace, mercy, and the avenues to salvation. Such doctrines are believed to offer wisdom, peace, reconciliation, and ultimately, salvation.

In sum, the passage encapsulates a plea: navigate away from teachings that diverge from the foundational, salvatory scriptures. It's better not to know at all than to taste the true knowledge and later discard it. This advice remains a timeless reminder to seek and hold onto the truest sources of wisdom in one's spiritual journey.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

A witness who lacks moral integrity sneers at justice. This so-called "witness of Belial"—a term for a wicked person—is not intimidated by the courtroom's solemnity, the authority of the judge, the written law, or even the penalties for lying outright. In fact, he mocks these principles and continues to provide false testimony. He might also twist what is right and just, dodging proper judgment with clever arguments and misleading pretenses. Alternatively, this could refer to a false teacher who distorts the rules of judgment, presenting false teachings as if they were truthful.

As for the wicked, their harmful rhetoric thrives on wrongdoing. They indulge in sin with the same enthusiasm a starving man devours food or a thirsty man guzzles water. Likewise, false doctrines are eagerly absorbed by those with twisted minds.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Judgments await those who mock and scorn, whether it comes from the authorities or from a higher power. While they may laugh off present consequences and future warnings, eternal punishment is in store, as noted in Matthew 25:41.

Fools, synonymous with these scorners, will eventually face their reckoning. If they escape human penalties, divine justice will catch up with them, ensuring they don't evade punishment forever.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Understanding the soul and its intrinsic value is fundamental. According to biblical scholar John Gill, not having knowledge - particularly about God, Christ, and spiritual matters - is a serious shortfall. It essentially reduces individuals to a state similar to unthinking beasts, devoid of understanding the importance and condition of their souls.

Ancient interpretations, such as those by Jarchi, suggest that being without this awareness is undesirable because it indicates a lack of concern for one's soul. This neglect means failing to recognize its worth, the peril it might be in, and how to save it.

Gill also points out that acting hastily or rashly, without proper knowledge or consideration, can lead to sin. This is particularly true for those who rush into evil actions, such as robbery or violence, without thoughtful deliberation. In sum, mindful awareness and deliberate action are keys to not only spiritual wellbeing but also moral integrity.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

When things go wrong in our lives, it's often our own misguided choices and inherent flaws that lead us astray. Poor decisions set us on a path where nothing seems to work out, leaving us entangled in a web of difficulties. Rather than blaming ourselves, we tend to lay the fault on higher powers, thinking it's bad luck or divine intervention that's thwarting our plans. This misplaced blame just fuels our frustration, causing us to grumble against fate instead of owning up to our own mistakes.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Wealth attracts friends. As your bank balance rises, so does your social circle, echoing the poet's sentiment: "While you prosper, you'll count many friends." This idea is similar to the wise words from Proverbs 14:20.

Conversely, poverty drives people away. When you are struggling, even your closest companions may distance themselves, avoiding your company and presence. Another poet captures this well: "If you are rich, you will have many friends; but, if poor, few."

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

A false witness won't go unpunished. Even if someone lies about their neighbor in court and thinks they've gotten away with it, they won't escape divine justice. God, who sees everything, will hold them accountable, whether in this life or the next, because perjury is a serious offense.

Similarly, those who lie even in casual conversation won't avoid the consequences. Lying is seen as disgraceful both by society and by God, who warns of severe penalties for such behavior. In the end, there will be a reckoning for all deceit.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In today's world, many people eagerly seek the favor of influential leaders or wealthy benefactors, much like petitioners in days of old beseeching kings and princes. Historically, these rulers were known for their generosity, attracting a plethora of courtiers and aides looking to gain a favor or secure a prestigious position.

The desire for a connection with those who hold power and wealth is not exclusive to the lower echelons of society; even individuals of high status often seek out these relationships, hoping to benefit either directly or indirectly. This sentiment rings true across generations: people gravitate towards those who not only have the means but also the inclination to assist others.

Generous individuals, those who habitually give gifts and aid, naturally attract friends and allies. Their wealth and willingness to share it make them popular figures, not just among those in need, but also among those who advocate on their behalf. Such dynamics create a network of relationships, forged through mutual benefit and the shared aim of supporting those in less fortunate circumstances.

Some interpret this dynamic through a religious lens, drawing parallels to the figure of Christ, who is believed to bestow gifts upon humanity. This interpretation underscores the timeless nature of generosity and the universal respect and admiration it garners.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Even a poor man’s siblings may scorn him, neglecting and distancing themselves because of his financial struggles. If those bound by blood can treat him like this, what does that say about his friends and neighbors? They’re likely to abandon him even faster, especially during rough times. Picture someone in distress pleading for help, only to be met with empty promises. His words fall on deaf ears, and any vows of assistance evaporate into thin air. Some argue that it’s the man’s fault he’s poor, pointing fingers and assigning blame. But often, these accusations hold no truth. Essentially, whether it's the poor man's earnest pleas or others' assurances, none of it proves helpful or genuine.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In the Book of Proverbs, it's said that acquiring wisdom is akin to loving one's own soul. This isn't just any wisdom—it's about understanding both the world around us and, more importantly, divine and spiritual matters. Imagine gaining insight into something as profound as Christ, considered the ultimate embodiment of divine wisdom. That's what Proverbs 3:13 talks about.

Alternatively, this verse is sometimes interpreted as "he who gets a heart." But not just any heart—a new, pure heart that's soft and receptive, contrasting with a hardened one. Think of a heart that truly understands and reveres the divine, just like Solomon's. It's a heart that houses God's teachings and the Holy Spirit.

Anyone who seeks, prays for, and ultimately possesses such a heart demonstrates a deep care for their own soul's well-being. In contrast, those who indulge in ignorance or wickedness essentially wrong and despise their own souls, much like what's discussed in Proverbs 29:24.

Furthermore, those who hold on to their understanding and wisdom find good things. By sticking to the teachings of the Gospel and following its principles, they gain not only spiritual fulfillment but also peace, joy, and comfort in this life. And in the life to come, they can look forward to glory and happiness.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

A false witness won't go unpunished, and those who spread lies are destined for destruction. They won't find a place in the holy city but will instead face severe consequences. Those who hypocritically preach and believe in lies are set on a path to a grim fate.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Joy doesn't suit a fool—think of Nabal, who was notorious for disregarding wisdom even when his fortunes were fair. His delight in prosperity was misplaced, leading to his own undoing. As the saying goes, "The prosperity of fools shall destroy them." These folks simply don't know how to handle their success or pleasures wisely. They can't moderate their experiences and often end up worse for wear. For them, even discussing spiritual joy in the Lord's ways feels disingenuous since they lead lives straying towards sin.

Even worse is the idea of a servant ruling over princes. Solomon, reputedly wise, found this notion distasteful and identified it as one of the world's intolerable sights. A servant, suddenly mastering those far above him, brings about chaos—an imbalance that's hard to stomach. Spiritually, this scenario can be likened to our nobler instincts, like understanding and intellect, being overpowered by base desires and carnal instincts. It's a topsy-turvy situation, neither proper nor appealing.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In today's fast-paced world, the ability of a person to control their temper is a mark of true wisdom. Instead of reacting immediately when wronged, a wise individual takes a moment to consider the offense and chooses an appropriate response. This patience mirrors a divine quality, reminiscent of a higher power known for being patient and kind-hearted.

Moreover, there is great honor in choosing to forgive rather than retaliate. Overlooking an offense not only upholds one's dignity but also reflects strength of character. Conversely, being quick to anger can lead to disgrace and potential downfall. In essence, there is remarkable grace and glory in the act of forgiveness.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

The wrath of a king is likened to the roar of a hungry lion, a fearsome and terrifying sound aimed at its prey. History has seen many rulers compared to lions, like Nebuchadnezzar and Nero, notorious for their fierce tempers. Think of Ahasuerus's fury with Haman; such anger was nothing short of terrifying. Some scholars even liken this imagery to the divine wrath of God or to Jesus Christ, the Lion of Judah, whose judgment is a formidable force against the wicked, including earthly kings.

On the flip side, a king's favor is as gentle and life-giving as dew on grass, bringing refreshment and growth. Similarly, when rulers show goodwill towards their subjects, it generates happiness and vitality among the people. The love and favor of God or Christ have much the same effect, spreading joy and rejuvenation to humanity.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

A wayward son is truly heartbreaking for a father. He brings not just shame to the family but a cascade of worries and troubles. His reckless behavior can tarnish the family's name and drain their resources through lavish spending. Worse still, his misdeeds can lead to the destruction of his own life, both physically and spiritually.

On the other hand, dealing with a quarrelsome spouse can be just as taxing, akin to the incessant drip of rain leaking into a poorly maintained home. It creates a persistently uncomfortable atmosphere. A constantly nagging and argumentative wife can make a man's life downright miserable. This kind of daily turmoil was famously endured by Socrates, whose wife Xantippe was notorious for her relentless bickering. Both situations, a troublesome child and a contentious spouse, can profoundly disturb one's peace.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In a world where parents often work hard to ensure their children inherit homes and wealth, there’s one treasure they can't simply bestow: a wise and prudent wife. Such a partner, who skillfully manages the household and raises children with care, isn’t just the product of parental planning or individual effort. This kind of spouse is viewed as a gift from a higher power, a blessing to be appreciated and cherished. Parents might be able to hand down property and material wealth, but a smart, supportive companion? That’s a blessing attributed to divine providence.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Laziness drives people into a state of constant drowsiness. Those who are habitually sluggish tend to sleep excessively and are often indifferent to their well-being, both materially and spiritually. They waste their days and nights in a fog of sleepiness, neglecting their responsibilities and future.

Similarly, those who avoid work will eventually face hunger. If you're not willing to put in the effort, don't expect nourishment, whether it's food for the body or sustenance for the soul. Inaction leads to need, and neglecting one's spiritual needs can be just as devastating as starving the body.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In simpler terms, if you follow the rules—whether they're from parents, bosses, or leaders—you’re essentially looking out for your own well-being. Sure, no one can keep every rule perfectly. But trying your best, motivated by faith and love for God, shows you care about your inner peace. There's a sort of inherent reward in living by these commands, even if it's not about earning salvation. Think of it as aligning yourself with a sense of purpose and good conscience.

On the flip side, if you disregard these guiding principles and just do whatever you feel like—without thinking about the consequences—you’re on a risky path. Acting without regard for moral or spiritual laws can lead to a destructive life. Ignoring God’s ways, which are meant to guide you, is like walking into danger blindly. Essentially, living this kind of careless life has its own built-in dangers. It's not just about breaking rules; it's about neglecting the path to something greater. According to the scriptures, this kind of negligence could lead to a spiritual death, or even an untimely demise, depending on the interpretation.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

When you extend a helping hand to those in need, you're effectively making a loan to God. This isn't just about throwing your resources away; it's more of a secured investment with divine backing. When you help the poor out of genuine compassion and without any hidden agenda, it's as though you're entrusting your kindness to God, and He promises to return it with interest.

The returns on this investment might come in various forms. In this life, you could see your material wealth grow, your family flourish, and your inner peace deepen. You might also experience a stronger sense of God's presence and receive more grace. And let's not forget the ultimate return in the afterlife—not as something you earned, but as a generous gift from a loving God.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Discipline your child while there is still hope—while they're young and can still benefit from guidance. This is crucial during infancy, childhood, and adolescence when they're still under the influence of parental authority. After all, once bad habits take root and grow stronger, it becomes much harder to correct them.

Don't be swayed by their tears and pleas. It's easy to let a sense of misplaced pity stop you from following through with discipline, but remember that the consequences of neglecting this responsibility can be harmful for both you and your child. This doesn’t mean being harsh to the point of hurting them; moderation is key. Some parents might be too lenient, like Eli in the Bible, while others might go overboard with anger and physical punishment. The goal is to find a balanced approach that corrects without cruelty.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

People with a fiery temper often find themselves in constant trouble. Whether it's a child who continuously provokes their parents, or a parent who harshly disciplines their child, both are bound to face the consequences. More generally, anyone who allows anger to dominate their actions is likely to find themselves in ongoing disputes and legal troubles. Even if they manage to get out of one tricky situation, they're quickly entangled in another.

Take, for example, the character of Shimei from the Old Testament—despite moments of reprieve, he repeatedly got himself into hot water. Ultimately, the cycle of wrath and punishment becomes never-ending, creating a perpetual state of turmoil and conflict for those who can't keep their anger in check.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Take advice and heed instruction, whether it comes from parents, teachers, or spiritual leaders. Especially, pay attention to the wise teachings of Jesus Christ, often called the "Wonderful Counselor," and look to the wisdom found in his Gospel and the Scriptures, which can guide you toward salvation.

By absorbing this wisdom, you'll make decisions now that will be beneficial later in life, particularly as you face the end of your days. The idea is to live a life that shows you’ve thought about your future beyond just the here and now, ensuring your spiritual well-being. This means trusting Christ, believing in his promise of eternal life, and letting his teachings shape your actions and overall outlook.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In life, people entertain countless ambitions and schemes. Some chase after wealth and fame, hoping to secure long lives and lasting legacies. Others indulge in desires or engage in harmful behavior, targeting individuals or undermining religious communities. Then there are those who, in the realm of faith, concoct new teachings or practices, seeking alternate routes to salvation beyond the established doctrines.

Despite these myriad human intentions, the guiding principles of the divine persist. The fundamental truths of the Gospel and the divine plan of salvation, conceived through infinite wisdom, endure beyond human manipulation. They have withstood countless challenges—from persecution to false teachings—and will continue to do so until the end of times.

The divine will, embedded in eternal wisdom, orchestrates everything in nature and beyond. Everything aligns with this grand design, regardless of human or supernatural opposition. Ultimately, every divine purpose will come to fruition, both in the world and within the church, defying all attempts to thwart it.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In simple terms, the message here is about the value of kindness and honesty. It suggests that a person’s genuine desire to show kindness is a very admirable quality. Even if someone doesn’t have the resources to help others, the mere wish to do so is what really counts. This positive intention is seen as a beautiful trait.

On the flip side, it’s better to be poor and truthful than to be wealthy and deceitful. A rich person who pretends they can’t help others, or who promises assistance but never follows through, is seen in a negative light. In contrast, a poor person who genuinely wishes to help is viewed as possessing higher character. Ultimately, the piece emphasizes that true worth lies in one’s intentions and honesty, rather than in material wealth.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

The fear of the Lord leads to life. The concept of godliness, with the fear of the Lord at its core, carries promises for both this life and the next. It’s the starting point of a spiritual journey that ultimately points to eternal life.

Those who embody this fear find themselves content with their lives and what they possess. Their spiritual fulfillment brings them a sense of completeness and abundant blessings. This inner satisfaction allows them to rest easy, day and night, knowing they have enough.

And here’s the comfort: such individuals won't be overwhelmed by misfortune. Even when faced with adversity, these challenges work out for their good and do not sever their connection to divine love.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In cold weather, a lazy person tends to keep their hand tucked away to stay warm, avoiding any kind of work. Picture this: it's as if they are so averse to effort that they'd rather keep their hand under a pot to warm it than actually do something productive. Even when it comes to eating, the laziness persists. They might dunk their hand into a plate of food but won't even bother to bring it to their mouth. It's an exaggerated way to say that they'd rather go hungry than exert any effort, reflecting a deep-seated indolence.

Some scholars even argue that this could symbolize those who are spiritually negligent, having access to the Holy Scriptures but not taking the effort to grasp the spiritual nourishment within. Essentially, they're holding a treasure trove of wisdom but can’t be bothered to use any of it to better their souls.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In modern terms, what this passage essentially tells us is that when you call out someone who's mocking or dismissing religion, it might not change their ways. The mocker might brush off your reproach, but there's still value in speaking up. Why? Because someone else, who may not be as entrenched in their skepticism, could be paying attention. This second person, although uninformed, is still open-minded enough to learn a lesson from the situation. They'll see the consequences of scoffing at what's good and might become wiser for it.

On the flip side, if you offer constructive criticism to someone who already shows some level of understanding, they'll appreciate it and grow even wiser. They'll take that feedback and use it to deepen their knowledge. So, even if it seems like your words are falling on deaf ears with one person, there's a good chance they will resonate with someone else in the room, making the effort worthwhile.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Imagine a son squandering his father's hard-earned money, whether it's through reckless spending or constantly needing bailouts from trouble. He's not just draining financial resources; he's also exhausting his father's health and spirit, leading to a sorrowful, stress-filled old age. Now, picture this same son driving his mother to the brink with his actions. Once the apple of her eye, he's now a source of such distress that she can't bear to be around him anymore.

This troubling figure isn't just a personal tragedy; he's a public one, too. His behavior brings shame and disrepute not just on himself, but on the entire family. This narrative reminds us how deeply a child's actions can ripple through the lives of their parents, highlighting the profound impact of responsibility—or the lack thereof.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In Proverbs, Solomon or perhaps the personification of Wisdom itself (often interpreted as Christ), advises against heeding the instructions of those who would lead one astray. The caution extends to avoiding false teachers and their misleading doctrines, such as the teachings of certain sects and movements throughout history that have veered away from established truths about divine knowledge.

There is a particular warning against the doctrines of the Church of Rome that historically discouraged laypeople from reading the Scriptures, elevated unwritten traditions to the status of holy writ, and granted the Pope the authority of an infallible interpreter. This caution also covers erroneous teachings from various other historical Christian heresies and controversies—including those denying fundamental tenets about the Trinity, Christ's divinity, and human nature.

The essence of the instruction is to cling to the words of God—found in the Scriptures, which are envisioned as the means of revealing true knowledge about the divine. This knowledge includes understanding God's grace, mercy, and the avenues to salvation. Such doctrines are believed to offer wisdom, peace, reconciliation, and ultimately, salvation.

In sum, the passage encapsulates a plea: navigate away from teachings that diverge from the foundational, salvatory scriptures. It's better not to know at all than to taste the true knowledge and later discard it. This advice remains a timeless reminder to seek and hold onto the truest sources of wisdom in one's spiritual journey.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

A witness who lacks moral integrity sneers at justice. This so-called "witness of Belial"—a term for a wicked person—is not intimidated by the courtroom's solemnity, the authority of the judge, the written law, or even the penalties for lying outright. In fact, he mocks these principles and continues to provide false testimony. He might also twist what is right and just, dodging proper judgment with clever arguments and misleading pretenses. Alternatively, this could refer to a false teacher who distorts the rules of judgment, presenting false teachings as if they were truthful.

As for the wicked, their harmful rhetoric thrives on wrongdoing. They indulge in sin with the same enthusiasm a starving man devours food or a thirsty man guzzles water. Likewise, false doctrines are eagerly absorbed by those with twisted minds.

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Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Judgments await those who mock and scorn, whether it comes from the authorities or from a higher power. While they may laugh off present consequences and future warnings, eternal punishment is in store, as noted in Matthew 25:41.

Fools, synonymous with these scorners, will eventually face their reckoning. If they escape human penalties, divine justice will catch up with them, ensuring they don't evade punishment forever.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible