Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

We often see ourselves as the heroes of our own stories, convinced that our actions are just and our paths are correct. This belief is stubborn and universal, affecting every person. We tend to believe our choices, whether they bring us pleasure, profit, or respect, are the right ones. Even our self-righteous actions align with the flattering opinion we hold of our own morality, promising us eternal reward.

However, this perception isn't the full picture. While we might see ourselves in a favorable light, there is a deeper, more discerning eye at play. God examines our hearts with perfect clarity, understanding our true motives and intentions. Despite our self-assurance, not every action we take is as righteous as it appears to us.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Doing what is right and fair in our everyday lives is a core principle of living a moral and religious life. It’s about honoring commitments to both God and our fellow humans, ensuring fair treatment for everyone. When these actions come from genuine intentions and are done for the right reasons, they're more pleasing to God than performing ritual sacrifices.

While rituals and sacrifices have their place, especially those symbolizing Christ or heartfelt acts of gratitude, they fall short if they’re done without sincere faith or to cover up bad behavior. Even in the times of divine rituals, God placed greater value on genuine acts of justice and morality.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

A haughty demeanor and a proud heart are often intertwined, and both are detestable to the Lord. The idea is captured well in Psalm 101:5. When someone looks down on others, it's a clear sign that pride dominates their thoughts, filling them with an inflated sense of self-worth. This is a common trait among self-righteous individuals, exemplified in the parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector.

Sometimes, a person might mask their pride under a veil of humility, but often, the arrogance within reveals itself through their gaze. The biblical text describes this as the "elevation of the eyes and the enlargement of the heart," not in the noble sense of looking to God in prayer or expanding one's heart with wisdom like Solomon, but in the negative sense of displaying arrogance and insatiable desires.

The term "the plowing of the wicked" refers to the idea that the everyday actions of a wicked person, symbolized by plowing, are inherently sinful. While plowing is a beneficial and necessary agricultural activity, metaphorically, it represents the schemes and plans of a wicked individual, which are tainted by sin. Some interpretations emphasize this by stating that their arrogance (high look and proud heart) is their form of plowing, leading them to sin.

Alternatively, the term can be interpreted as "the light of the wicked is sin," suggesting that their apparent success and prosperity ultimately lead them to sin and eventual destruction. This interpretation aligns with several translations, including the Targum, Septuagint, and others.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Diligent planning can lead to abundance in life. A person who carefully considers their goals and consistently works towards them often finds success and prosperity, not just materially but also spiritually. On the other hand, those who rush into ventures without proper thought, driven by a hasty desire to get rich quickly, typically end up in poverty. Acting impulsively and without due consideration typically leads to failure and financial hardship.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Gaining wealth through deceit—whether by lying in business, bearing false witness in court, or spreading false teachings in church—may initially seem rewarding, but it's ultimately fleeting and empty. Ill-gotten riches are described as being as unstable as smoke or straw in the wind, easily blown away. These dishonest gains don't stick around for long; they're often lost through various misfortunes. Moreover, such pursuits are harmful and lead to ruin. Those chasing after wealth through dishonest means end up courting disaster, even if that's not their intention. The notion is that pursuing riches in such ways inevitably leads to a perilous outcome.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In today's world, even the worst offenses are eventually laid bare, and their consequences can be devastating. Take the misdeeds of the wicked, for instance. According to old scholars, these sins—whether it's cheating, stealing, or not giving others their due—eventually come back to haunt the wrongdoers. It's as if a saw is drawn over their hearts, bringing deep agony and distress, a torment that may never end without true repentance.

This perpetual torment is often likened to a fire that never goes out, an endless punishment described as a just and righteous response to their actions. A key reason for this deserving fate is their refusal to act justly, to uphold fairness and allow everyone to enjoy what rightfully belongs to them. This isn't just about petty thieves; it applies equally to those in powerful positions who fail to protect others' rights. By neglecting their duty to ensure fairness, they are, in effect, committing a robbery themselves. And inevitably, their conscience will bring them to account.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

John Gill, a noted biblical scholar, once expounded on the divergent paths people take in life. He illustrated that for believers in Christ—those who are righteous and guided by a spiritual force—the path is straightforward and pleasing to God. These devout individuals find joy in following divine guidance.

On the other hand, Gill described the path of the wicked and impure as twisted and perverse. According to him, these are people who deviate from righteousness, choosing self-driven routes inspired by worldly and fleshly desires. This wayward journey leads them further away from God, and it’s one not endorsed by Scripture or divine teachings. Essentially, it’s a path fraught with moral and spiritual pitfalls.

Gill also contrasted these paths by highlighting the life of a pure individual. Purity, as he framed it, is a divine attribute. God embodies purity, and so does the work He performs in creation and beyond. A pure person, washed clean through Christ's sacrifice and God’s grace, leads a life of wholesome integrity. Their faith is genuine, and their good deeds, motivated by love and carried out in Christ's strength, align with God’s will and bring Him glory.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In ancient Judea, rooftops were designed with safety railings, providing a spot for some alone time despite the harsh elements — scorching sun, gusty winds, and sudden rainstorms. According to biblical wisdom, it’s preferable to endure such conditions on a rooftop than to share a roomy, comfortable house with a constantly quarrelsome partner.

Living with someone who’s perpetually argumentative can be as tumultuous as the worst weather, making solitude on a rooftop seem like a far better option. This metaphor underscores the value of peace and quiet over living in a spacious, yet contentious, home.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In stark contrast to a well-meaning individual, a wicked person's innermost desires revolve around sin and causing harm. Wickedness seems almost second nature to them; they actively seek it out, believing it brings them pleasure or profit. Hurting others is more of a sport or a pastime for them, something they genuinely enjoy.

When it comes to neighbors, an evil person shows no mercy. They're not just indifferent to their neighbors' needs but are actually inclined to cause harm, even if the neighbor is a friend or has done no wrong. Acts of kindness seem foreign to them, and any attempt to stop or criticize their harmful actions will only further fuel their malicious intent.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

When those who mock and disdain experience consequences—whether from divine intervention or legal authority—those lacking wisdom pay attention. These scoffers, who deride religious beliefs and defy authority, often serve as cautionary tales.

On the other hand, individuals who might be naive but are open to correction learn valuable lessons from witnessing the downfall of such scoffers. They start to act more prudently as a result. Similarly, when knowledgeable individuals receive instruction—whether from mentors, religious teachings, or life's corrections—they absorb and apply that wisdom. Not only do they grow wiser, but those who observe them learn important lessons too.

In essence, people can gain insight both from the successes and failures of others, and they become more inclined to pursue knowledge themselves when they see the benefits of wisdom in action.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In observing the prosperous lives of the wicked, a wise and righteous individual doesn't focus on the luxury of their homes or the abundance of their wealth. Instead, he thinks about how they gained such wealth, how temporary it is, and the inevitable downfall that awaits. This perspective keeps him from being envious or upset by their current success.

Interestingly, some scholars suggest that a righteous person can actually bring prosperity to the household of the wicked, much like Joseph did for Potiphar and Jacob for Laban. Others interpret "the righteous" as referring to God Himself, who has the ultimate power to destroy the wicked for their sins, despite any fleeting success they enjoy in this world.

There's also a viewpoint that a righteous adjudicator—wise and diligent in his role—inspects the homes of the wicked. He checks who lives there, examines their lifestyles, and ensures that their possessions aren't stolen or used for illicit activities. Upon finding any wrongdoing, he administers justice according to both divine and human laws.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In essence, John Gills conveys a timeless message about empathy and reciprocity. If you ignore the desperate pleas of those in need, whether it’s for food or protection, you’ll eventually find yourself in a similar bind, crying out for help. However, don't expect to receive the aid you denied others. Both divine intervention and human sympathy will be hard to come by. This mirrors the principle that if you show no mercy, none will be shown to you in return.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

A gift given in secret can quell anger. Just as fire in the hearts of the angry can be put out, so too can a discreet present soothe a raging temper—much like it did for Esau when he met Jacob or David when Abigail intervened. The secret part is crucial; if the gift is given openly, it might spark further irritation, hinting at vanity or greed on both sides. Furthermore, some interpretations suggest this could apply to bribes for judges or charitable acts meant to appease divine wrath, with various scholars leaning towards different explanations.

On a parallel note, a reward given discreetly can also calm intense anger. This concept is mirrored in diverse translations, such as the Septuagint, Syriac, and Arabic versions, which propose that holding back gifts may actually fuel stronger rage.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In a world where justice prevails, a righteous person finds joy in upholding the law. They find a deep sense of peace and satisfaction in following the commands which are inherently good and just. It's not just about following the law themselves, but also about witnessing justice being served in society, whether in everyday interactions or in courtrooms. When judges enforce laws fairly, it benefits everyone, bringing stability to communities and upholding the greater good.

On the flip side, those who live a life of sin—consistently engaging in wrongdoing—will face dire consequences. Their path is marked by destruction and leads to everlasting ruin. They may experience moments of terror now, which stands in stark contrast to the peace enjoyed by the righteous. Moreover, these wrongdoers often live in perpetual fear, especially when justice catches up with them, leaving them in horror not just in life, but also in death and beyond. While justice brings joy to the just, it instills fear in those who do evil.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

John Gill illuminates the fate of those who stray from the path of wisdom and understanding. These individuals leave behind the congregations that nurture spiritual growth and instead find themselves wrapped up in unsavory company. Gill likens such wanderers to lost sheep, suggesting that by abandoning their spiritual community, they risk becoming spiritually lifeless, akin to those "dead in trespasses and sins."

The grim prognosis extends further: Gill suggests these individuals may end up among the damned in hell, a fate echoed by other interpretations that refer to being in the company of giants or devils. This, he clarifies, isn't a peaceful rest but a tragic and permanent settling into spiritual death, void of any potential for return to the living and enlightened.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

If you love life's pleasures a bit too much, your bank account is likely to feel the pinch. We're talking about those who throw themselves into hobbies like parties, concerts, and even sports gambling. Indulging in these activities—and spending both time and money on them excessively—can quickly lead you down the road to financial trouble.

The same goes for those who can't resist the lure of fine wine and gourmet meals. While there's no harm in enjoying these luxuries in moderation, getting carried away can lead to an empty wallet. High living and lavish feasts might seem enticing, but maintaining such a lifestyle will almost certainly keep you from building wealth. In short, being a food and drink enthusiast to the extreme can eat away at your savings and leave little for future generations.

This advice isn't just about material wealth, either. Overindulging in carnal pleasures and satisfying every sensual urge can leave you spiritually impoverished as well. So, it's wise to find a balanced approach, enjoying the good things in life without letting them run your financial or spiritual life aground.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In simpler terms, the passage suggests that wicked people can sometimes take the fall in place of the righteous. This doesn't mean they make amends for the righteous, like Christ did, but rather, they end up suffering consequences meant for the righteous. Remember the story of Haman and Mordecai? Haman faced the trouble that could have befallen Mordecai. This idea also plays out when divine punishment targets a group, but ends up affecting only the wicked among them, sparing the righteous. Think of Achan or the seven sons of Saul. In some cases, God even redirects the wrath of earthly rulers from the righteous to the wicked. For instance, Sennacherib planned to destroy the Jews, but his focus shifted to other nations instead.

Occasionally, even wicked individuals inadvertently save the righteous, like Cyrus did for the Jews. The word "ransom" could also be interpreted as "cover," hinting that wicked folks might sometimes protect or defend the righteous. Imagine the earth swallowing the flood meant to drown the woman in Revelation.

Ultimately, both "wicked" and "transgressor" here refer to bad people, while "righteous" and "upright" indicate good ones. The core message remains: the wicked can end up shielding the righteous from harm.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

John Gill famously said that "it is better to dwell in the wilderness" than with a contentious and angry woman. In contemporary terms, he's pointing out that it's preferable to live in a desolate, lonely, and challenging environment—where you're exposed to the elements and wild animals, and lack the basic necessities of life—than to share a home with someone who is constantly quarrelsome and irritable.

Beyond the literal interpretation, there's also a metaphorical message here. Gill suggests that it's more desirable to be with a faithful community enduring hardship than to be part of a powerful yet corrupt establishment, referencing the early church enduring persecution compared to the opulence of the oppressive Roman church.

In essence, the passage champions the virtue of peace and harmony over comfort and luxury in contentious situations.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In a world where gold, silver, and precious gems are coveted, and the abundance of food and luxury clothes is sought after with enthusiasm, it's crucial to remember the existence of even greater treasures. These tangible riches, though valuable and useful for future generations, are eclipsed by treasures of the heart and spirit—what some call heavenly riches.

The biblical land of Canaan, celebrated for its oils, gives us an apt metaphor. Oil was more than a cooking ingredient; it symbolized joy and refreshment, a staple in any wise and hard-working household. Every wise person, even those living modestly, made sure to have this oil on hand, recognizing its value. This oil relates to the grace of God, which should dwell in one's heart and home, a matter of utmost importance to the wise.

By contrast, a foolish person lacks this foresight. Instead of wisely managing his resources, he squanders them recklessly. Be it oil, wealth, or inherited treasures, it all gets wasted in no time, mirroring the reckless spiritual neglect of someone who ignores opportunities for personal and spiritual enrichment.

In essence, while material wealth is desirable, the real treasures are those that enrich our spirit and wisdom, treasures that foolish people often neglect or waste.

So, the next time you yearn for wealth or luxury, remember that the greatest treasures are often the unseen, spiritual ones within our reach—if only we choose to cherish them.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In a modern interpretation of the teachings from Proverbs 21:21, John Gill emphasizes the importance of pursuing qualities like righteousness and mercy with fervor and dedication. But what does it mean to follow righteousness in today’s world?

Gill clarifies that this isn’t about strictly adhering to religious laws or rituals—a trap the ancient Jews fell into, according to Romans 9:31-32. Instead, it’s about seeking a moral righteousness that aligns with Christian virtues. Think of it as desiring a deeper connection with the ethical teachings of Christ, similar to the “hunger and thirst for righteousness” that Jesus talks about in Matthew 5:6. This kind of righteousness, Gill notes, is fulfilling because it acknowledges a gap in one’s moral life and seeks to fill it through faith and love for doing what’s right.

Alongside righteousness, Gill urges the pursuit of mercy, essentially grace. This is particularly crucial for those who see themselves as flawed and in need of forgiveness, and thus, they turn to God for compassionate grace. It’s about understanding our shortcomings and seeking spiritual and moral redemption as a gift rather than something we can earn.

The payoff for this relentless chase after righteousness and mercy, according to Gill, is threefold: life, righteousness, and honor. This life isn’t just about spiritual vitality here and now, but also about eternal life—a promise found in the teachings of Christ. The righteousness discovered is not self-manufactured but is a divine gift that believers can accept and rejoice in. Lastly, honor comes through a profound relationship with God and Christ, enriching one’s spiritual journey and promising an eternal place in glory.

In essence, Gill’s interpretation encourages us to live by core Christian principles, not out of obligation, but with genuine zeal and awareness of our spiritual needs. The rewards for such a life, he assures, are profoundly enriching and eternal.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In a passage that echoes the timeless sentiment "wisdom is better than strength," the Bible illustrates how a wise person can conquer a fortress guarded by mighty warriors. Often, success owes more to strategy and cunning than sheer force. This is particularly evident in the context of military ventures, where a single insightful leader might, through clever planning, overrun a fortified city guarded by a powerful garrison.

Drawing a parallel, the text likens this to Jesus entering a person's heart, overcoming inner barriers, and dismantling previously unshakable defenses. Just as wisdom can bring down the strongholds of a city, so too can spiritual wisdom break down the walls of a fortified heart, leading it towards transformation and renewal.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In plain terms, being mindful of what you say can save you a world of trouble. It’s not just about avoiding offensive or provocative words; it’s about speaking truthfully and kindly. Being careful with your words can help you steer clear of unnecessary conflicts and emotional burdens. Think of it like this: a little self-control can go a long way in keeping peace with yourself and those around you.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In today’s society, labeling someone a "proud and haughty scorner" would effectively brand them as an arrogant fool, drawing contempt from others. This term describes someone whose pride is evident in their angry outbursts and confrontational behavior, as if their arrogance is a trade they practice regularly. The harshest comparisons often align such characteristics with figures like the Antichrist, who sees himself above all revered entities, spews blasphemies, and exudes an intimidating demeanor. This archetype is also noted for directing particularly harsh wrath towards devout believers.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

The frustrations of a lazy person can often lead to their downfall. They yearn for food, clothes, and wealth, but their unwillingness to put in the necessary effort eats away at them. This constant dissatisfaction can push them toward desperate and unethical means to fulfill their desires, ultimately leading to their ruin.

Despite their necessities and orders from those above them, their hands refuse to work, even when they recognize the need to do so. This reluctance effectively paralyzes their will to action. Maimonides even suggests that this speaks to a broader laziness in the pursuit of wisdom.

In essence, the chronic avoidance of effort not only deepens their woes but also seals their fate in an unchanging cycle of stagnation and despair.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

A lazy person spends the whole day dreaming about what they could have – more food, drink, wealth, and the lifestyle of the rich. With nothing productive to occupy their time, their mind wanders to endless cravings.

On the flip side, a righteous person is generous without holding back. They don't just dole out charity to the lazy but focus on helping those genuinely in need. They'll work hard to provide for their own needs and still have enough to help others. Their hands are always open – ready to work and ready to give.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In Proverbs 21:27, it states that the sacrifice of the wicked is an abomination to the Lord. The original text asserts that this detestation is especially true when the offering comes with a malicious intent. For example, if someone presents a sacrifice not out of genuine repentance but rather as a way to cloak their misdeeds and continue sinning without remorse, their act is even more reprehensible.

This idea extends to those who bring offerings that are defective or stolen, or who engage in religious acts with ulterior motives. The underlying theme is that any religious action, regardless of how meticulously or skillfully performed, is meaningless and offensive if done hypocritically or selfishly. True devotion requires sincerity and alignment with divine law. No façade of piety, no matter how convincing to others, can deceive the Lord.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In contemporary terms, a false witness, plagued by dishonesty, will ultimately lose credibility and respect. People won't trust or rely on them, and they may even face legal consequences for their deceit. If they don’t truly repent, they're looking at a grim eternal fate. This idea also extends to those who spread false teachings or ideologies — think of charlatans and hypocrites whose deceit promises no happy ending.

On the other hand, someone who listens carefully before speaking and bases their words on truth earns enduring trust. Their reliable and consistent testimony stands the test of time, making them a go-to witness in any situation. Similarly, a devoted and truthful teacher who adheres strictly to honest principles will speak with confidence and unwavering certainty, providing guidance that people can count on.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

A wicked individual boldly defies correction, whether it comes from parents, teachers, or spiritual leaders. This person isn't embarrassed by their wrongdoings but instead flaunts them, often lying without a hint of shame. Their face reveals no guilt, trying to convince others of their honesty despite their blatant falsehoods.

In contrast, an upright person carefully guides their actions according to moral principles. When they do make a mistake and realize it, they feel remorse and strive to correct their behavior.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

No matter how much human wisdom or cleverness one might muster, nothing can stand in defiance of God’s plans. Despite the most intricate and well-thought-out strategies, God’s will prevails. This holds true for all aspects of life, including challenges against his church, his principles, and his truths. Even the most insightful and experienced individuals, armed with the best-laid schemes, will never successfully undermine or override the divine intentions. Human wisdom pales in comparison to God's, and disappears entirely in the presence of the Almighty. God's counsel is unmatched, and any attempt to counter it is ultimately futile.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In times of conflict, horses have always been a symbol of might and military strength, diligently prepared for the chaos of battle. Historically and even today, these warhorses cement their place in the strategies of military forces. Yet, reliance on them can sometimes overshadow a more significant truth.

Despite the formidable presence of horses on the battlefield, true safety and victory come from a higher power. This idea is echoed in ancient scriptures, reminding us that salvation and triumph, whether in war or life's many battles, are granted by the Lord. The passage suggests that while humans might arm themselves with the best possible resources, the ultimate deliverance and protection are in divine hands.

The essence of this belief spans beyond the physical confrontations to spiritual realms, extending the notion of salvation to eternal dimensions. It's a reminder that, while preparation and strategy are essential, trust in a higher power completes the equation of success and safety.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

We often see ourselves as the heroes of our own stories, convinced that our actions are just and our paths are correct. This belief is stubborn and universal, affecting every person. We tend to believe our choices, whether they bring us pleasure, profit, or respect, are the right ones. Even our self-righteous actions align with the flattering opinion we hold of our own morality, promising us eternal reward.

However, this perception isn't the full picture. While we might see ourselves in a favorable light, there is a deeper, more discerning eye at play. God examines our hearts with perfect clarity, understanding our true motives and intentions. Despite our self-assurance, not every action we take is as righteous as it appears to us.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Doing what is right and fair in our everyday lives is a core principle of living a moral and religious life. It’s about honoring commitments to both God and our fellow humans, ensuring fair treatment for everyone. When these actions come from genuine intentions and are done for the right reasons, they're more pleasing to God than performing ritual sacrifices.

While rituals and sacrifices have their place, especially those symbolizing Christ or heartfelt acts of gratitude, they fall short if they’re done without sincere faith or to cover up bad behavior. Even in the times of divine rituals, God placed greater value on genuine acts of justice and morality.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

A haughty demeanor and a proud heart are often intertwined, and both are detestable to the Lord. The idea is captured well in Psalm 101:5. When someone looks down on others, it's a clear sign that pride dominates their thoughts, filling them with an inflated sense of self-worth. This is a common trait among self-righteous individuals, exemplified in the parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector.

Sometimes, a person might mask their pride under a veil of humility, but often, the arrogance within reveals itself through their gaze. The biblical text describes this as the "elevation of the eyes and the enlargement of the heart," not in the noble sense of looking to God in prayer or expanding one's heart with wisdom like Solomon, but in the negative sense of displaying arrogance and insatiable desires.

The term "the plowing of the wicked" refers to the idea that the everyday actions of a wicked person, symbolized by plowing, are inherently sinful. While plowing is a beneficial and necessary agricultural activity, metaphorically, it represents the schemes and plans of a wicked individual, which are tainted by sin. Some interpretations emphasize this by stating that their arrogance (high look and proud heart) is their form of plowing, leading them to sin.

Alternatively, the term can be interpreted as "the light of the wicked is sin," suggesting that their apparent success and prosperity ultimately lead them to sin and eventual destruction. This interpretation aligns with several translations, including the Targum, Septuagint, and others.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Diligent planning can lead to abundance in life. A person who carefully considers their goals and consistently works towards them often finds success and prosperity, not just materially but also spiritually. On the other hand, those who rush into ventures without proper thought, driven by a hasty desire to get rich quickly, typically end up in poverty. Acting impulsively and without due consideration typically leads to failure and financial hardship.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

Gaining wealth through deceit—whether by lying in business, bearing false witness in court, or spreading false teachings in church—may initially seem rewarding, but it's ultimately fleeting and empty. Ill-gotten riches are described as being as unstable as smoke or straw in the wind, easily blown away. These dishonest gains don't stick around for long; they're often lost through various misfortunes. Moreover, such pursuits are harmful and lead to ruin. Those chasing after wealth through dishonest means end up courting disaster, even if that's not their intention. The notion is that pursuing riches in such ways inevitably leads to a perilous outcome.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In today's world, even the worst offenses are eventually laid bare, and their consequences can be devastating. Take the misdeeds of the wicked, for instance. According to old scholars, these sins—whether it's cheating, stealing, or not giving others their due—eventually come back to haunt the wrongdoers. It's as if a saw is drawn over their hearts, bringing deep agony and distress, a torment that may never end without true repentance.

This perpetual torment is often likened to a fire that never goes out, an endless punishment described as a just and righteous response to their actions. A key reason for this deserving fate is their refusal to act justly, to uphold fairness and allow everyone to enjoy what rightfully belongs to them. This isn't just about petty thieves; it applies equally to those in powerful positions who fail to protect others' rights. By neglecting their duty to ensure fairness, they are, in effect, committing a robbery themselves. And inevitably, their conscience will bring them to account.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

John Gill, a noted biblical scholar, once expounded on the divergent paths people take in life. He illustrated that for believers in Christ—those who are righteous and guided by a spiritual force—the path is straightforward and pleasing to God. These devout individuals find joy in following divine guidance.

On the other hand, Gill described the path of the wicked and impure as twisted and perverse. According to him, these are people who deviate from righteousness, choosing self-driven routes inspired by worldly and fleshly desires. This wayward journey leads them further away from God, and it’s one not endorsed by Scripture or divine teachings. Essentially, it’s a path fraught with moral and spiritual pitfalls.

Gill also contrasted these paths by highlighting the life of a pure individual. Purity, as he framed it, is a divine attribute. God embodies purity, and so does the work He performs in creation and beyond. A pure person, washed clean through Christ's sacrifice and God’s grace, leads a life of wholesome integrity. Their faith is genuine, and their good deeds, motivated by love and carried out in Christ's strength, align with God’s will and bring Him glory.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In ancient Judea, rooftops were designed with safety railings, providing a spot for some alone time despite the harsh elements — scorching sun, gusty winds, and sudden rainstorms. According to biblical wisdom, it’s preferable to endure such conditions on a rooftop than to share a roomy, comfortable house with a constantly quarrelsome partner.

Living with someone who’s perpetually argumentative can be as tumultuous as the worst weather, making solitude on a rooftop seem like a far better option. This metaphor underscores the value of peace and quiet over living in a spacious, yet contentious, home.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

In stark contrast to a well-meaning individual, a wicked person's innermost desires revolve around sin and causing harm. Wickedness seems almost second nature to them; they actively seek it out, believing it brings them pleasure or profit. Hurting others is more of a sport or a pastime for them, something they genuinely enjoy.

When it comes to neighbors, an evil person shows no mercy. They're not just indifferent to their neighbors' needs but are actually inclined to cause harm, even if the neighbor is a friend or has done no wrong. Acts of kindness seem foreign to them, and any attempt to stop or criticize their harmful actions will only further fuel their malicious intent.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Paraphrased Commentary

By John Gills

When those who mock and disdain experience consequences—whether from divine intervention or legal authority—those lacking wisdom pay attention. These scoffers, who deride religious beliefs and defy authority, often serve as cautionary tales.

On the other hand, individuals who might be naive but are open to correction learn valuable lessons from witnessing the downfall of such scoffers. They start to act more prudently as a result. Similarly, when knowledgeable individuals receive instruction—whether from mentors, religious teachings, or life's corrections—they absorb and apply that wisdom. Not only do they grow wiser, but those who observe them learn important lessons too.

In essence, people can gain insight both from the successes and failures of others, and they become more inclined to pursue knowledge themselves when they see the benefits of wisdom in action.

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By John Gills

In observing the prosperous lives of the wicked, a wise and righteous individual doesn't focus on the luxury of their homes or the abundance of their wealth. Instead, he thinks about how they gained such wealth, how temporary it is, and the inevitable downfall that awaits. This perspective keeps him from being envious or upset by their current success.

Interestingly, some scholars suggest that a righteous person can actually bring prosperity to the household of the wicked, much like Joseph did for Potiphar and Jacob for Laban. Others interpret "the righteous" as referring to God Himself, who has the ultimate power to destroy the wicked for their sins, despite any fleeting success they enjoy in this world.

There's also a viewpoint that a righteous adjudicator—wise and diligent in his role—inspects the homes of the wicked. He checks who lives there, examines their lifestyles, and ensures that their possessions aren't stolen or used for illicit activities. Upon finding any wrongdoing, he administers justice according to both divine and human laws.

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By John Gills

In essence, John Gills conveys a timeless message about empathy and reciprocity. If you ignore the desperate pleas of those in need, whether it’s for food or protection, you’ll eventually find yourself in a similar bind, crying out for help. However, don't expect to receive the aid you denied others. Both divine intervention and human sympathy will be hard to come by. This mirrors the principle that if you show no mercy, none will be shown to you in return.

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By John Gills

A gift given in secret can quell anger. Just as fire in the hearts of the angry can be put out, so too can a discreet present soothe a raging temper—much like it did for Esau when he met Jacob or David when Abigail intervened. The secret part is crucial; if the gift is given openly, it might spark further irritation, hinting at vanity or greed on both sides. Furthermore, some interpretations suggest this could apply to bribes for judges or charitable acts meant to appease divine wrath, with various scholars leaning towards different explanations.

On a parallel note, a reward given discreetly can also calm intense anger. This concept is mirrored in diverse translations, such as the Septuagint, Syriac, and Arabic versions, which propose that holding back gifts may actually fuel stronger rage.

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By John Gills

In a world where justice prevails, a righteous person finds joy in upholding the law. They find a deep sense of peace and satisfaction in following the commands which are inherently good and just. It's not just about following the law themselves, but also about witnessing justice being served in society, whether in everyday interactions or in courtrooms. When judges enforce laws fairly, it benefits everyone, bringing stability to communities and upholding the greater good.

On the flip side, those who live a life of sin—consistently engaging in wrongdoing—will face dire consequences. Their path is marked by destruction and leads to everlasting ruin. They may experience moments of terror now, which stands in stark contrast to the peace enjoyed by the righteous. Moreover, these wrongdoers often live in perpetual fear, especially when justice catches up with them, leaving them in horror not just in life, but also in death and beyond. While justice brings joy to the just, it instills fear in those who do evil.

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By John Gills

John Gill illuminates the fate of those who stray from the path of wisdom and understanding. These individuals leave behind the congregations that nurture spiritual growth and instead find themselves wrapped up in unsavory company. Gill likens such wanderers to lost sheep, suggesting that by abandoning their spiritual community, they risk becoming spiritually lifeless, akin to those "dead in trespasses and sins."

The grim prognosis extends further: Gill suggests these individuals may end up among the damned in hell, a fate echoed by other interpretations that refer to being in the company of giants or devils. This, he clarifies, isn't a peaceful rest but a tragic and permanent settling into spiritual death, void of any potential for return to the living and enlightened.

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By John Gills

If you love life's pleasures a bit too much, your bank account is likely to feel the pinch. We're talking about those who throw themselves into hobbies like parties, concerts, and even sports gambling. Indulging in these activities—and spending both time and money on them excessively—can quickly lead you down the road to financial trouble.

The same goes for those who can't resist the lure of fine wine and gourmet meals. While there's no harm in enjoying these luxuries in moderation, getting carried away can lead to an empty wallet. High living and lavish feasts might seem enticing, but maintaining such a lifestyle will almost certainly keep you from building wealth. In short, being a food and drink enthusiast to the extreme can eat away at your savings and leave little for future generations.

This advice isn't just about material wealth, either. Overindulging in carnal pleasures and satisfying every sensual urge can leave you spiritually impoverished as well. So, it's wise to find a balanced approach, enjoying the good things in life without letting them run your financial or spiritual life aground.

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By John Gills

In simpler terms, the passage suggests that wicked people can sometimes take the fall in place of the righteous. This doesn't mean they make amends for the righteous, like Christ did, but rather, they end up suffering consequences meant for the righteous. Remember the story of Haman and Mordecai? Haman faced the trouble that could have befallen Mordecai. This idea also plays out when divine punishment targets a group, but ends up affecting only the wicked among them, sparing the righteous. Think of Achan or the seven sons of Saul. In some cases, God even redirects the wrath of earthly rulers from the righteous to the wicked. For instance, Sennacherib planned to destroy the Jews, but his focus shifted to other nations instead.

Occasionally, even wicked individuals inadvertently save the righteous, like Cyrus did for the Jews. The word "ransom" could also be interpreted as "cover," hinting that wicked folks might sometimes protect or defend the righteous. Imagine the earth swallowing the flood meant to drown the woman in Revelation.

Ultimately, both "wicked" and "transgressor" here refer to bad people, while "righteous" and "upright" indicate good ones. The core message remains: the wicked can end up shielding the righteous from harm.

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By John Gills

John Gill famously said that "it is better to dwell in the wilderness" than with a contentious and angry woman. In contemporary terms, he's pointing out that it's preferable to live in a desolate, lonely, and challenging environment—where you're exposed to the elements and wild animals, and lack the basic necessities of life—than to share a home with someone who is constantly quarrelsome and irritable.

Beyond the literal interpretation, there's also a metaphorical message here. Gill suggests that it's more desirable to be with a faithful community enduring hardship than to be part of a powerful yet corrupt establishment, referencing the early church enduring persecution compared to the opulence of the oppressive Roman church.

In essence, the passage champions the virtue of peace and harmony over comfort and luxury in contentious situations.

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By John Gills

In a world where gold, silver, and precious gems are coveted, and the abundance of food and luxury clothes is sought after with enthusiasm, it's crucial to remember the existence of even greater treasures. These tangible riches, though valuable and useful for future generations, are eclipsed by treasures of the heart and spirit—what some call heavenly riches.

The biblical land of Canaan, celebrated for its oils, gives us an apt metaphor. Oil was more than a cooking ingredient; it symbolized joy and refreshment, a staple in any wise and hard-working household. Every wise person, even those living modestly, made sure to have this oil on hand, recognizing its value. This oil relates to the grace of God, which should dwell in one's heart and home, a matter of utmost importance to the wise.

By contrast, a foolish person lacks this foresight. Instead of wisely managing his resources, he squanders them recklessly. Be it oil, wealth, or inherited treasures, it all gets wasted in no time, mirroring the reckless spiritual neglect of someone who ignores opportunities for personal and spiritual enrichment.

In essence, while material wealth is desirable, the real treasures are those that enrich our spirit and wisdom, treasures that foolish people often neglect or waste.

So, the next time you yearn for wealth or luxury, remember that the greatest treasures are often the unseen, spiritual ones within our reach—if only we choose to cherish them.

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By John Gills

In a modern interpretation of the teachings from Proverbs 21:21, John Gill emphasizes the importance of pursuing qualities like righteousness and mercy with fervor and dedication. But what does it mean to follow righteousness in today’s world?

Gill clarifies that this isn’t about strictly adhering to religious laws or rituals—a trap the ancient Jews fell into, according to Romans 9:31-32. Instead, it’s about seeking a moral righteousness that aligns with Christian virtues. Think of it as desiring a deeper connection with the ethical teachings of Christ, similar to the “hunger and thirst for righteousness” that Jesus talks about in Matthew 5:6. This kind of righteousness, Gill notes, is fulfilling because it acknowledges a gap in one’s moral life and seeks to fill it through faith and love for doing what’s right.

Alongside righteousness, Gill urges the pursuit of mercy, essentially grace. This is particularly crucial for those who see themselves as flawed and in need of forgiveness, and thus, they turn to God for compassionate grace. It’s about understanding our shortcomings and seeking spiritual and moral redemption as a gift rather than something we can earn.

The payoff for this relentless chase after righteousness and mercy, according to Gill, is threefold: life, righteousness, and honor. This life isn’t just about spiritual vitality here and now, but also about eternal life—a promise found in the teachings of Christ. The righteousness discovered is not self-manufactured but is a divine gift that believers can accept and rejoice in. Lastly, honor comes through a profound relationship with God and Christ, enriching one’s spiritual journey and promising an eternal place in glory.

In essence, Gill’s interpretation encourages us to live by core Christian principles, not out of obligation, but with genuine zeal and awareness of our spiritual needs. The rewards for such a life, he assures, are profoundly enriching and eternal.

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By John Gills

In a passage that echoes the timeless sentiment "wisdom is better than strength," the Bible illustrates how a wise person can conquer a fortress guarded by mighty warriors. Often, success owes more to strategy and cunning than sheer force. This is particularly evident in the context of military ventures, where a single insightful leader might, through clever planning, overrun a fortified city guarded by a powerful garrison.

Drawing a parallel, the text likens this to Jesus entering a person's heart, overcoming inner barriers, and dismantling previously unshakable defenses. Just as wisdom can bring down the strongholds of a city, so too can spiritual wisdom break down the walls of a fortified heart, leading it towards transformation and renewal.

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By John Gills

In plain terms, being mindful of what you say can save you a world of trouble. It’s not just about avoiding offensive or provocative words; it’s about speaking truthfully and kindly. Being careful with your words can help you steer clear of unnecessary conflicts and emotional burdens. Think of it like this: a little self-control can go a long way in keeping peace with yourself and those around you.

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By John Gills

In today’s society, labeling someone a "proud and haughty scorner" would effectively brand them as an arrogant fool, drawing contempt from others. This term describes someone whose pride is evident in their angry outbursts and confrontational behavior, as if their arrogance is a trade they practice regularly. The harshest comparisons often align such characteristics with figures like the Antichrist, who sees himself above all revered entities, spews blasphemies, and exudes an intimidating demeanor. This archetype is also noted for directing particularly harsh wrath towards devout believers.

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By John Gills

The frustrations of a lazy person can often lead to their downfall. They yearn for food, clothes, and wealth, but their unwillingness to put in the necessary effort eats away at them. This constant dissatisfaction can push them toward desperate and unethical means to fulfill their desires, ultimately leading to their ruin.

Despite their necessities and orders from those above them, their hands refuse to work, even when they recognize the need to do so. This reluctance effectively paralyzes their will to action. Maimonides even suggests that this speaks to a broader laziness in the pursuit of wisdom.

In essence, the chronic avoidance of effort not only deepens their woes but also seals their fate in an unchanging cycle of stagnation and despair.

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By John Gills

A lazy person spends the whole day dreaming about what they could have – more food, drink, wealth, and the lifestyle of the rich. With nothing productive to occupy their time, their mind wanders to endless cravings.

On the flip side, a righteous person is generous without holding back. They don't just dole out charity to the lazy but focus on helping those genuinely in need. They'll work hard to provide for their own needs and still have enough to help others. Their hands are always open – ready to work and ready to give.

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By John Gills

In Proverbs 21:27, it states that the sacrifice of the wicked is an abomination to the Lord. The original text asserts that this detestation is especially true when the offering comes with a malicious intent. For example, if someone presents a sacrifice not out of genuine repentance but rather as a way to cloak their misdeeds and continue sinning without remorse, their act is even more reprehensible.

This idea extends to those who bring offerings that are defective or stolen, or who engage in religious acts with ulterior motives. The underlying theme is that any religious action, regardless of how meticulously or skillfully performed, is meaningless and offensive if done hypocritically or selfishly. True devotion requires sincerity and alignment with divine law. No façade of piety, no matter how convincing to others, can deceive the Lord.

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By John Gills

In contemporary terms, a false witness, plagued by dishonesty, will ultimately lose credibility and respect. People won't trust or rely on them, and they may even face legal consequences for their deceit. If they don’t truly repent, they're looking at a grim eternal fate. This idea also extends to those who spread false teachings or ideologies — think of charlatans and hypocrites whose deceit promises no happy ending.

On the other hand, someone who listens carefully before speaking and bases their words on truth earns enduring trust. Their reliable and consistent testimony stands the test of time, making them a go-to witness in any situation. Similarly, a devoted and truthful teacher who adheres strictly to honest principles will speak with confidence and unwavering certainty, providing guidance that people can count on.

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By John Gills

A wicked individual boldly defies correction, whether it comes from parents, teachers, or spiritual leaders. This person isn't embarrassed by their wrongdoings but instead flaunts them, often lying without a hint of shame. Their face reveals no guilt, trying to convince others of their honesty despite their blatant falsehoods.

In contrast, an upright person carefully guides their actions according to moral principles. When they do make a mistake and realize it, they feel remorse and strive to correct their behavior.

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By John Gills

No matter how much human wisdom or cleverness one might muster, nothing can stand in defiance of God’s plans. Despite the most intricate and well-thought-out strategies, God’s will prevails. This holds true for all aspects of life, including challenges against his church, his principles, and his truths. Even the most insightful and experienced individuals, armed with the best-laid schemes, will never successfully undermine or override the divine intentions. Human wisdom pales in comparison to God's, and disappears entirely in the presence of the Almighty. God's counsel is unmatched, and any attempt to counter it is ultimately futile.

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By John Gills

In times of conflict, horses have always been a symbol of might and military strength, diligently prepared for the chaos of battle. Historically and even today, these warhorses cement their place in the strategies of military forces. Yet, reliance on them can sometimes overshadow a more significant truth.

Despite the formidable presence of horses on the battlefield, true safety and victory come from a higher power. This idea is echoed in ancient scriptures, reminding us that salvation and triumph, whether in war or life's many battles, are granted by the Lord. The passage suggests that while humans might arm themselves with the best possible resources, the ultimate deliverance and protection are in divine hands.

The essence of this belief spans beyond the physical confrontations to spiritual realms, extending the notion of salvation to eternal dimensions. It's a reminder that, while preparation and strategy are essential, trust in a higher power completes the equation of success and safety.

Read more: John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible